edgewood arsenal human experiments

The array of tests involved usingpsychedelic illicit substances, chemical agents, and other mind-altering substances, all designed to produce "fits or seizures, dizziness, fear, panic, hysteria, hallucinations, migraine, delirium, extreme depression, notions of hopelessness, lack of initiative to do even simple things, and mania, according to scientific director L. Wilson Greene. The experiments involved at least 254 chemical substances, but focused mainly on midspectrum incapacitants, such as LSD, THC derivatives, benzodiazepines, and BZ. Vol. 1982-85 IOM report This inadequacy was aggravated by inconsistencies in the limited data which was available." 3. As Edgewood experiments progressed during the mid-20th century, scientists recreated extreme situations from WWII. Former ABC and Politico correspondent Tara Palmeri leads a team of investigative journalists as they reexamine a dark chapter of Army history. If you are in crisis or having thoughts of suicide, But according to The Baffler, informed consent has never really been extended to people in the military. Riot control agents, including irritants and blister agents, were also tested at the Edgewood facility. The earliest nerve agents developed at Edgewood includedchlorine, chloropicrin, phosgene, and mustard gas, but the military quickly expanded its repertoire. For some people, exposure to CS lead to erythema, vesicles, burns, hepatic dysfunction, and urinary abnormalities. The use of troops to test nerve gas, psychochemicals, and thousands of other toxic chemical or biological substances. 1. The plaintiffs collectively referred to themselves as the "Test Vets". The purpose was to evaluate the impact of lowdose chemical warfare agents on military personnel and to test protective clothing, pharmaceuticals, and vaccines. And although many veterans meet all of the requirements to apply for benefits if they can prove that they have an illness linked to a chemical the U.S. Army exposed them to, NPR reports that the Department of Veterans Affairs continues to press for more information and proof and will deny benefits to veterans for decades. [3] In the 1950s, some officials in the U.S. Department of Defense publicly asserted that many "forms of chemical and allied warfare as more 'humane' than existing weapons. ptsd Edgewood Arsenal Experiments Asked by The Old medic, December 2, 2009 Share Followers 0 Answer this question Ask a question Question The Old medic Seaman 6 Service Connected Disability: 50% State: KY Posted December 2, 2009 Between 1952 and 1975, the US Army acknowledged that 7,200 GI's were involved in the medical experimentation program. A small portion The Army colonel had no regrets about the experiments and believed he was acting in the best interests of the nation as it faced a Cold War threat. They deserve that respect and the audience this documentary can bring. If you are concerned about possible effects from exposure during these experiments, please contact your health care provider who can assist you in determining possible exposures and health effects. According to the 1984 NRC review, human experiments at DoD's Edgewood Arsenal involved about 1,500 subjects who were experimentally exposed to irritant and blister agents including: For example, from 1958 to 1973 at least 1,366 human subjects underwent experimental exposure specifically with the riot-control agent CS at Edgewood Arsenal (NRC 1984). Finally, from 1962 to 1972, a total of 123 irritant chemicals were tested on only two subjects each exposed using a wind tunnel (NRC 1984). Improved Synthesis of EA 1464 and Preparation of its Corresponding Di-(Hydrogen Oxalate) Salt, EA 3669. Although the three-volume study published by the Institute of Medicine between 1982 and 1985 claimed that there were no "significant long-term health effects in Edgewood Arsenal volunteers," many veterans have reported experiencing long-term health effects that can be attributed to the human experimentation at the Edgewood facility (per the "Deployment Health Support Directorate"). "The available records gave the impression that the submission of the initial request[s] amounted to nothing more than a perfunctory action for the purpose of obtaining blanket approval for ongoing research projects," it reads. Jan 08, 2009 #1. None of the requested materials were cleared for public release as of this writing (2016).[19]. This vast program of human experimentation shrouded in secrecy was centered at the Army's compounds at Edgewood Arsenal and Fort Detrick, Maryland. Learn more from the Department of Defense.A2016 report to the DoD on long-term health effects due to participation in these tests concluded that although effects of the individual agents had been established in the literature, test subjects would have endured lower concentrations for shorter durations and no significant effects had been observed in the health of test subjects in the years since the tests occurred. ), Nerve agent reactivators, e.g. And according to Military Medicine, the rate of documented injuries was incredibly high. The experiments. Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. SYNOPSIS: From 1955 to 1975, the United States Army Chemical Corps conducted classified human subject research on thousands of soldiers at the Edgewood Arsenal facility in Maryland.The purpose was to evaluate the impact of potent, mind-altering chemical warfare agents on military personnel as an alternative to traditional mortal combat. Acutely toxic levels of mustard liquid were reportedly used and would often cause immediate poisoning symptoms. According to "Celebrating 85 Years of CB Solutions," the Edgewood facility was instrumental in supporting the Vietnam War with riot control agents. NPR reports that while the soldiers did sign consent forms, they didn't know what they were being exposed to, and "some of the soldiers have suffered physical and psychological trauma since the tests." With regard specifically to BZ and related compounds, the IOM study concluded that "available data suggest that long-term toxic effects and/or delayed sequellae are unlikely". Further, GAO concluded that precise information on the scope and the magnitude of tests involving human subjects was not available, and the exact number of human subjects might never be known. The New Yorker writes that the U.S. Army promptly built laboratories and gas chambers in order to run experiments on human subjects after witnessing the effects of chemical warfare during WWI. I am convinced that it is possible, by means of the techniques of psychochemical warfare, to conquer an enemy without the wholesale killing of his people or the mass destruction of his property.[2]. First developed in Germany in 1938, the gas caused convulsions and other injuriesuponeven the slightest exposure. Find out if you qualify for VA health care. "Throughout recorded history, wars have been characterized by death, human misery, and the destruction of property; each major conflict being more catastrophic than the one preceding it. If you are concerned about exposures during Edgewood/Aberdeen chemical tests, talk to your health care provider or yourlocal environmental health provider. 1,073 subjects were exposed to aerosolized CS; 82 subjects had both skin applications and aerosol exposures; and finally. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) published a three-volume report on the Edgewood research in 19821985, Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Chemical Agents.[16]. Dr. James Ketchum led the experiments, and we've got a clip in which he defends his methods. v. Central Intelligence Agency, et al. The Baffler writes that in the winter of 1958, Stanley was given water secretly infused with LSD once a week for over four weeks in addition to being injected. The Edgewood Arsenal human experimentstook place from approximately 1948 to 1975 at the Medical Research Laboratories which is now known as the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD) at the Edgewood Area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. But over half a century later, they continue to be less than forthcoming about the experiments, even with their own subjects. Voluntary coordination and attention are impaired burns and bruises are not noticed.". These men aren't polished or rehearsed, and the filmmakers let them have their say, even when things veer into pure speculation. Call: 988 (Press 1), U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs | 810 Vermont Avenue, NW Washington DC 20420. But considering the limited information provided by the U.S. Army, the General Accounting Office concluded that "precise information on the scope and the magnitude of tests involving human subjects was not available, and the exact number of human subjects might never be known. The veterans were guinea pigs in a massive military-funded and controlled human drug experiment program, which shows that, among other drugs like Mescaline . VA offers a variety of health care benefits to eligible Veterans. Scientists learned this through repeated experimentation. That adds up to 1,167 man-years of survival. (Lond.j, u.f.M. The NRC report also mentions human experiments involving exposure of 741 soldiers to LSD (NRC 1984). 1942-1945: U.S. Navy initiated poisonous Mustard Gas and Lewisite (derivative of arsenic) experiments to test protective clothing and anti-blister ointments at the Naval Research Laboratory and at the Army's Edgewood Arsenal. Case No. Between 1955 and 1975, the number of volunteertest subjects totaled between 6,000 and 7,000 soldiers. More details on these tests are provided here. For two decades during the Cold War, the United States Army tested chemical weapons on American soldiers at Edgewood Arsenal, a secluded research facility on the Chesapeake Bay. Office of Accountability & Whistleblower Protection, Training - Exposure - Experience (TEE) Tournament, War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Comprehensive Interdisciplinary Evaluations, Airborne Hazards & Open Burn Pit Registry, Honor, Courage, and Commitment: A Veteran's Story, Charonda Taylor: Mission for Better Health, War Related Illness & Injury Study Center, Clinical Trainees (Academic Affiliations), Edgewood-Aberdeen Experiments and Public Health, Call TTY if you President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. condemned the mid-morning attack. Meanwhile, the 1993 and 1994 reports by the U.S. General Accounting Office state that "hundreds of radiological, chemical, and biological tests were conducted in which hundreds of thousands of people were used as test subjects.". Top secret Army experiments exposed thousands of veterans to potential chemical and biological weapons. Even the Navy records he was able to find were "erroneous and incomplete.". These tests were. World War II veteran Jack Holder died at age 101 after a colorful life. Experiments involving nerve agents at the Edgewood facility were already in progress by July 1953. Declassified Edgewood document AD351962 LSD tests on volunteers states: When this document has served its purpose, DESTROY it in accordance with AR 380-5. But while they've always insisted that the subjects were volunteers, the lack of documentation regarding these experiments makes it questionable if the people involved were actually giving their full and informed consent. Nothing in the article relates to all that work, only to the human subjects. A small portion of these studies were directed at psychochemical warfare and grouped under the . Hit enter to expand a main menu option (Health, Benefits, etc). There are fresh concerns that public support for ongoing military assistance may be waning. The Edgewood Arsenal human experiments took place from approximately 1948 to 1975 at the Medical Research Laboratories which is now known as the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD) at the Edgewood Area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. According to the 1984 NRC review, human experiments at DoD's Edgewood Arsenal involved about 1,500 subjects who were experimentally exposed to irritant and blister agents including: . Not enrolled in the VA health care system? Watching soldiers suffer through delirium and panic attacks while older survivors describe their experiences makes for powerful viewing. Hit enter to expand a main menu option (Health, Benefits, etc). Many official government reports and civilian lawsuits followed in the wake of the controversy. Some of the volunteers exhibited certain symptoms at the time of exposure to these agents. By this logic, Edgewood was possibly the safest military place in the world to spend two months. Statistically, at least one out of a thousand young soldiers chosen at random might be expected to expire during any one-year period. As such, this became the foundational understanding behind the Edgewood facility, and in order to manifest this new concept of warfare, thousands of people were experimented upon between 1948 and 1975. 877-222-8387, TDD (Hearing Impaired) They tell tales about men being gassed and burned.". There were several projects at Edgewood between the 1940s into the 1970s. Even after leaving Edgewood, Stanley continued to suffer reactions to the druggings, sometimes manifesting in violent behavior. June 09, 2022 A new documentary titled "Dr. Delirium and The Edgewood Experiments" walks through the American military's 20-year experiments on people using psychedelic drugs like PCP and LSD. But over half a century later, they continue to be less than forthcoming about the experiments, even with their own subjects. My body was clenched. The MRVP was also driven by intelligence, logist. Edgewood Arsenal human experiments Published 2016 Medicine From 1948 to 1975, the U.S. Army Chemical Corps conducted classified human subject research at Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland. For two decades, the Edgewood Arsenal had been the site of disturbing experiments on unwitting soldiers, many of whom were left with lasting physical and psychological damage as a result. About 7,000 soldiers took part in these experiments that involved exposures to more than 250 different chemicals, according to the Department of Defense (DoD). They tested the effects of cannabis and its derivatives on people. Human Experimentation From 1955 until 1975, the Army Chemical Corps Medical Department conducted classified medical studies involving nerve agents, nerve agent treatments . "With rare exceptions, all LSD-exposed subjects [reportedly] voluntarily participated in the chemical warfare testing and were informed ahead of time that they would be receiving a psychoactive agent," the U.S. Army Chemical Corps and the U.S. Army Intelligence Corps claimed. Scientists tried pairing itwith other substances and designed a nerve agent called VX, which proveddeadlierthan sarin gas, especially when applied to the skin. The experiments . Over a period of 20 years, more than 7,000 volunteers spent an estimated total of 14,000 months at Edgewood Arsenal. From 1955 to 1975, the United States Army Chemical Corps conducted classified human subject research on thousands of soldiers at the Edgewood Arsenal facility in Maryland. A classified report entitled "Psychochemical Warfare: A New Concept of War" was produced in 1949 by Luther Wilson Greene, Technical Director of the Chemical and Radiological Laboratories at Edgewood. He suffers from PTSD as a result of an in service injuryspecifically, as "a cumulative response to his participation as a human subject in the Edgewood Arsenal experiments and subsequent re- Court cases like Chappell v. Wallace, Feres v. United States, and United States v. Stanley have repeatedly set the precedent that the state has broad immunity from wrongdoing when it involves people in the military since any damages are considered to be "incident to service.". The truth about the CIA is quite another story, one that should've been a huge news story a decade ago but gets fully recounted here for anyone who missed the truth the first time. TheUSmilitary also used Edgewood to distribute new methods of biological warfare. The Pentagon has not provided any public updates or said when the formal policy will be issued. The 1975 U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Health and Subcommittee on Administrative Practice and Procedure also found that "the consent information was inadequate by current standards," per Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Chemical Agents. Thus, between 1950 and 1975, about 6,720 soldiers took part in experiments involving exposures to 254 different chemicals, conducted at U.S. Army Laboratories at Edgewood Arsenal, MD (NRC 1982, NRC 1984, NAS 1993). Too much of it was lethal. They built a gas chamber out of a salvaged naval vessel and told soldiers they were testing summer clothing. The lack of a detailed record hampered the investigation. These experiments were conducted at US Army Laboratories at Edgewood Arsenal, MD. This program involved testing nerve agents, nerve agent antidotes, psycho chemicals, and irritants. Black Then writes that many servicemen suffered from a variety of adverse health effects following the Edgewood human experiments, including peeling skin, cancer, motion disorders, and psychological issues. If you are in crisis or having thoughts of suicide, 2, "Cholinesterase Reactivators, Psychochemicals and Irritants and Vesicants, Vol. Material Testing Program EA (Edgewood Arsenal) numbers. In January 2014, an additional request was made for release of multiple films made of Project SHAD tests. And while information has slowly trickled out over the years, the military and Department of Veterans Affairs have done their best to try to evade responsibility at every turn. From 1955 to 1975, the Army conducted chemical weapons testing on volunteer soldiers at the Edgewood Arsenal facility in Maryland in pursuit of an agent that could disable enemy troops on the field of battle without killing them. These experiments were conducted primarily to learn how various agents would affect humans. These studies included a secret human subjects component at least as early as 1948, when "psychological reactions" were documented in Edgewood technicians. ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, Md. However a good history and physical examination can provide valuable information and help determine a Veteran's risk of developing health problems related to the exposure. Call: 988 (Press 1), U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs | 810 Vermont Avenue, NW Washington DC 20420. The founder and director of the program, Dr Van Murray Sim, was called before Congress and chastised by outraged lawmakers, who questioned the absence of follow-up care for the human volunteers. The government testedthe limits of human tolerance toitin attempts to counteract its effects. Edgewood Arsenal initially covered 8,000 acres in Maryland and, by 1918, had four plants churning out chlorine,chloropicrin,phosgene, and mustard gas. The U.S. Army believed that legal liability could be avoided by concealing the experiments. From 1948 to 1975, the U.S. Army Chemical Corps conducted classified human subject research at Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland. The OSS was the American intelligence service during World War II (the predecessor of the CIA) and commissioned tests on human subjects at the Edgewood Arsenal human Experiments, although they are more popularly known under the general name of the MK-ProgramUltra, a code name given to this secret and illegal program for human experimentation . Experiments were carried out with safety of subjects a principal focus. According to the US Army Research Development and Engineering Command Chemical and Biological Center,Edgewood had "two shell filling plants, housing for 8,500 workersand soldiers, a chemical laboratory, and a hospital, plus all the road and rail infrastructure needed for production and transport.". The purpose was to evaluate the impact of low-dose chemical warfare agents on military personnel and to test protective clothing, pharmaceuticals, and vaccines. Per NPR, though veteran Harry Bollinger, who participated in the human experiments, is proud of his service, "that time in his life is tainted: by the pain he felt as a human test subject in military experiments, and by the VA that told him it wasn't real. A number of different reports have been produced describing the health effects of this testing, including the Veterans Health Initiative Report in 2003. Some even showed allergic dermatitis after repeated exposure. CV-09-0037-CW, U.S.D.C. Its success, like that of the surgeon, depends on an experienced and. The human experimentation program had become known as Operation Delirium. From at least 1948 to 1975, the U.S. Army was involved in human experimentation involving chemical agents at Edgewood Arsenal (via the Journal of Psychoactive Drugs ). Records courtesy of Robert Krafty. However, a good history and physical examination can provide valuable information and help determine a Veterans risk of developing health problems related to the exposure. The study could not rule out long-term health effects related to exposure to the nerve agents. If you are concerned about exposures during Edgewood/Aberdeen chemical tests, talk to your health care provider or local VA Environmental Health Coordinator. According to the "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists," the U.S. Army also failed to provide any follow-up medical care and failed to anticipate any long-term health consequences. Soldiers used as human 'guinea pigs' From 1955 to 1975, military researchers at Edgewood were using not only animals but human subjects to test a witches' brew of drugs and chemicals. 3, "Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects", Health Outcomes Among Veterans of Project SHAD (Shipboard Hazard and Defense) (2016), "United States v. Stanley, 483 US 669 - Supreme Court 1987", "Vietnam Veterans of America v. Central Intelligence Agency", "THE HUMAN ASSESSMENT OF EA 1729 AND EA 3528 BY THE INHALATION ROUTE", "Assessment of Potential Long Term Health Effects on Army Human Test Subjects of Relevant Biological and Chemical Agents, Drugs, Medications and Substances", "King's Collections: Archive Catalogues: Military Archives", "Operation Delirium: Decades after a risky Cold War experiment, a scientist lives with secrets". Only a small number of all the experiments done during this period involved mustard agents or Lewisite. "Incapacitating chemical agents": Law enforcement, human rights law and policy perspectives. (Many of these experiments can also be linked with Project MKULTRA.) Two TV documentaries, with different content but confusingly similar titles were broadcast: In 2012, the Edgewood/Aberdeen experiments were featured on CNN and in, This page was last edited on 30 November 2022, at 16:44. The purpose was to . The Edgewood Arsenal experiments took place from approximately 1952 to 1975 at the Medical Research Laboratories, which is now known as the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense of the Edgewood Area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. The purpose was to evaluate the impact of low-dose chemical warfare agents on military personnel and to test protective clothing and pharmaceuticals. These experiments were conducted primarily to learn how various agents would affect humans (NRC 1982). And even when veterans like Nathan Schnurman, a Navy test veteran, continued to suffer from long-term health problems and got the Department of Veterans Affairs to admit that human experimentation had occurred on him, he was unable to get them to admit that it had any relation to his current health problems. The 1975 report by the U.S. Army Inspector General called "Use of Volunteers in Critical Agent Research" writes that "the lack of factual information available to quickly respond to the inquiries illustrated an inadequacy of the Army's institutional memory on this subject area. Between 1955 and 1975, the U.S. Army used 7,000 enlisted soldiers as human guinea pigs for experiments involving a wide array of biological and chemical warfare agents. "practice, as well as a member of BCG's Scientist Network, and its North American Physician Network. Manufacturing Madness. According to the memoirs of James Ketchum, who also cites the IOM study for the data, "24 belladonnoid glycolates and related compounds" were "given to 1,800 subjects". By Charles Berg, M.D. The intelligence community the CIA and the military saw LSD as a potential chemical weapon. have hearing loss. He has supported clients across all areas of the health care industry with a focus on global health, digital health, and medical technology. It became the centerpiece ofresearch and national defense, as it was hometo numerous experiments, tests, and secrets. DO NOT return the document to U. S. Army Edgewood Arsenal Chemical Research and Development Laboratories (David Martin. Not to be confused with Project MKUltra (a similar CIA program) or Project 112 (a similar military program) undertaken at the same time.From 1948 to 1975, th. ", In 2004, the General Accounting Office also determined that although some of the people used in human experimentation were eventually identified and informed of their contact, there were likely "service members and civilian personnel potentially exposed to agents who have not been identified for various reasons.". Extensive LSD testing was conducted by the US Army at Edgewood Arsenal and other locations from 1955 to 1967. All of my nerves were tight, physically and mentally. Even a book critical of the program, written by Lynn C. Klotz and Edward J. Sylvester, acknowledges that: Unlike the CIA program, research subjects [at Edgewood] all signed informed consent forms, both a general one and another related to any experiment they were to participate in. re: Edgewood Arsenal.one of the most bizarre bases in US military history. Vets feel abandoned after secret drug experiments, Former sergeant seeks compensation for LSD testing at Edgewood Arsenal, U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Program Executive Office, Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives, Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System, Unethical human experimentation in the United States, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edgewood_Arsenal_human_experiments&oldid=1124810855, History of the government of the United States, Human subject research in the United States, 20th-century military history of the United States, Articles to be expanded from October 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2020, Articles with dead external links from December 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Development evaluation and test procedures, Effects of drugs and environmental stress on human physiological mechanisms, Human factors tests (ability to follow instructions), Other (visual studies, sleep deprivation, etc. A small portion of these studies were directed at psychochemical warfare and grouped under the prosaic title of the "Medical Research Volunteer Program" (19561975). 1, "Anticholinesterases and Anticholinergics" (1982). Of those involved in the experiments: Most of these experiments involved tests of protective equipment and of subjects' ability to perform military tasks during exposure. A Government Accounting Office report of May 2004, Chemical and Biological Defense: DOD Needs to Continue to Collect and Provide Information on Tests and Potentially Exposed Personnel (pp. Edgewood remained. The IOM study also concluded that "available data suggest that long-term toxic effects and/or delayed sequellae are unlikely" for this type of compound.[15]. In addition to chemical agents that could be used during warfare, the U.S. Army also tested numerous psychoactive agents on soldiers at the Edgewood facility. The complaint asked the court to determine that defendants' actions were illegal and that the defendants have a duty to notify all victims and to provide them with health care. Edgewood Arsenal human experiments - Wikiwand From 1948 to 1975, the U.S. Army Chemical Corps conducted classified human subject research at the Edgewood Arsenal facility in Maryland. Cries from the Past, 2010) The GAO report indicates that field tests were conducted at 11 locations nationwide. Conducted from 1955 to 1975 at Edgewood Arsenal in Maryland, the experiments echoed studies conducted through Project MKUltra, a CIA program that focused on the mind-control potential of. Posted by EA6B on 11/23/21 at 5:01 pm to grizzlylongcut There was a retired Army Lt Col, that had a PhD in psychology or something similar, taught at LSU in the early 80s, seems like his name was Brown. The Edgewood Arsenal human experiments took place from approximately 1948 to 1975 at the Medical Research Laboratories which is now known as the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD) at the Edgewood Area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. While the Soviet Union reportedly relocated a nerve-gas plant behind the Iron Curtain, the Americans recruited the Nazi scientists who developed the chemical formulas. According to CNN, the Institute of Medicine determined that there wasn't enough information to form "definitive conclusions. (NRC 1982). Instead, they were told that the experiments were harmless and that their health would be monitored throughout the tests as well as afterward. 1, 24), stated: [In 1993 and 1994] we [] reported that the Army Chemical Corps conducted a classified medical research program for developing incapacitating agents. There were also conventional chemicals tested for warfare applications-mustard gas, lewisite, and so on. These experiments were conducted primarily to learn how various agents would affect humans. Edgewood Arsenal has been the center of chemical warfare research and development since 1918. 1. The last generation of Holocaust survivors and their children express their concerns about current events A Five-Part, FDA Advisory Panel & CDC Director are Complicit in Sacrificing Childrens Lives to Protect Pfizer from Liability, Copyright 2023 Alliance for Human Research Protection, 1951: Ultra-Secret LSD Experiments Begin at Edgewood Arsenal, Vera Sharavs documentary Never Again is Now Global now available.