Heroes generally go against what is expected, stay true to their morals, and always persevere, no matter how dire the outcome is expected to be. Antithesis is used in everyday speech, novels, poems, short stories, plays, and more.The rhetorical device can be used in very different ways in order to achieve varied outcomes.. Logos: by appealing to an audience's sense of reason . No code mattered to her before she broke it, but it came crashing down on her afterwards. Atticus also says All men are created equal, a phrase that the Yankees and the distaff side of the Executive branch in Washington are fond of hurling at us. When Atticus says this it reminds the jury to have compassion because all men are created equal. Even with the substantial evidence against the Ewells testimony the prejudice and racism that was being shown to the black community in Maycomb overcame the truth. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Antithesis is a rhetorical term for the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in balanced phrases or clauses. Atticus begins his closing speech by. An annotated text of the version delivered by Gregory Peck in the film. ARGUMENT AND CONDUCT OF COUNSEL 17 (2018). PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. To sum it all up, even though Atticuss view of trial was negative, he gave hope to the blacks in the court room and that is what, Examples Of Atticus Closing Speech In To Kill A Mockingbird, Atticus Finchs closing remarks to the jury consisting of white men, towards a case involving the accused rape of a young woman by a black man, are arguably the strongest words spoken within the entirety of To Kill a Mockingbird. The two clauses of the sentence are parallel because each starts off with an infinitive verb and ends with an adjective ("human" and "divine"). I say guilt, gentlemen, because it was guilt that motivated her. This is a depiction of the death of a Mockingbird, ultimately destroying innocence and purity that resided with Tom Robinson that died when he was shot as he tried to flee from his inescapable doom. Cha c phn loi . In order to accomplish this feat Atticus applies the three appeals logos, ethos, and pathos. This 2-page handout will guide your students through a rhetorical analysis of Atticus' closing speech in Chapter 20 of Harper Lee's To Kill A Mockingbird. The Opening Statement lays out what each side intends to prove; the closing . Namely, in the courtroom. He explains to the jury some Negroes lie, some Negroes are immoral, some Negro men are not to be trusted around womenblack or white. Atticus said that, You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of viewuntil you climb into his skin and walk around in it, (Lee, 30). Some Internet sources use "antithesis" to describe an author's decision to create two characters in a story that are direct opposites of one anotherfor instance, the protagonist and antagonist. To begin, This case involves a black man accused of raping a white woman. rhetorical question (A question that is asked for the sake of argument.) Atticus uses ethos to prove Toms innocence by acknowledging the credibility of the courts: "Our courts have their faults, as does any human institution, but in this country our courts are the great levelers, and in our courts all men are created equal" (205). The English language is full of literary devices that can enliven your writing. The arbitrator stated that he thought this was a convincing closing argument so we have provided it to you as an example. Written by MasterClass. Three literary terms that are often mistakenly used in the place of antithesis are juxtaposition, oxymoron, and foil. We must all learn to live together as brothersor we will all perish together as fools. Those who had white skin, received more privileges than those with dark skin. Deeper than the surface, Atticus not only acquires credibility to himself but also offers it to the jury as he trusts the jury in hope that they trust him as. 6. When questioned by Scout why he is defending Tom, Atticus replies, For a number of reasonsThe main one is, if I didnt I couldnt hold up my head in town, I couldnt represent this county in the legislature, I couldnt even tell you or Jem not to do something again. (p. 83). Robinson, being of color was not expected to have an opportunity in court. Learn the antithesis definition and see antithesis examples in literature and other fields. It is most likely that the best device that would be used to sway the jury would be logos. Pathos is used to persuade the jury when Atticus says, Some Negroes lie, some Negroes are immoral, some Negro men are not to be trusted around womenblack or white. He tells the jury that they're smart enough to see that for, During the 1930s the south was still raging with racism, and the thought of a black man raping a white woman lead to no further investigation whether it was true or false, he was simply sentenced to death. This is an antithesis example because there is the contrast between the animals and their actions (the peaceful floating butterfly versus the aggressive stinging bee) combined with the parallel grammatical structure of similes indicated by "like a." . Heres a quick and simple definition: Antithesis is a figure of speech that juxtaposes two contrasting or opposing ideas, usually within parallel grammatical structures. Rhetorical Analysis of Atticus Finch's Closing Statement (Movie Version) To Kill a Mockingbird is known to many as one of the best pieces of American literature. Both instances of antithesis hinge on an "or" that divides the two contrasting options. He justifies his rebellion against God with this pithy phrase, and the antithesis drives home the double contrast between Hell and Heaven, and between ruling and serving. Atticus uses logos to explain that the case of Tom Robinson relied upon the testimony of two witnesses. These are stand-alone statements in which two words that don't seem to belong together are placed next to one another and then make sense. . The antithesis is found in multiple aspects of this quotation. Last updated: Sep 29, 2021 . Stylistic Element Repetition Example "In the name of God" What rhetorical appeal(s) it relates to and how Ethos - Repeating this phrase emphasizes his appeal to the . Name four key points of Atticus' closing arguments. He instills fear in his audience by emphasizing that without guns we would not have the freedom we have today. I guess it was because Atticus wasn't a thunderer. Additionally, Atticus highlights his trustworthiness in the court system. One tool used often in literature and politics is called antithesis. First, he asserts that the "State has not produced one iota of medical evidence that the crime Tom Robinson is charged with ever took place. he was saying, I shall be brief, but I would like to use my remaining time, with you to remind you that this case is not a difficult one, it requires no minute sifting of complicated facts, require you to be sure beyond all reasonable doubt as to the guilt of the defendant. Atticus Finchs closing argument in the trial of Tom Robinson, from Harper Lees classic, View To Kill a Mockingbird (Atticus Finchs closing speech) samples, Type out all lyrics, even repeating song parts like the chorus, Lyrics should be broken down into individual lines. And, as unfortunate as this was, he accepted that for he had tried his best. But this is a truth that applies to the human race and to no particular race of men (Lee 273). First, the structure is parallel. The defendant is not guilty, but somebody in this courtroom is. He also says that we would not feel protected without guns. I know not what course others may take: but as for me, give me liberty or give me death. Atticus was speaking easily, with the kind of detachment he used when he dictated a letter. The two terms are set near each other to enhance or highlight the contrast in opposite meaning. Antithesis has several purposes as a rhetorical device. The following is a good example of both antithesis and parallelism: The two clauses of the sentence are parallel because each starts off with an infinitive verb and ends with an adjective ("human" and "divine"). There's not a person in this courtroom who has never told a lie, who has never done an immoral thing, and there is no man living who has never looked upon a woman without desire. Logos The state has not produced one iota of medical evidence to the effect that the crime Tom Robinson is charged with ever took place. In my beginning is my end. Further, antitheses seldom function by placing the two words or ideas right next to one another, so antitheses are usually made up of more than two words (as in, "I'd rather be among the living than among the dead"). Antithesis (ann-TIH-thuh-suhs), put simply, means the absolute opposite of something. . Atticus Finch fights a judicial battle against all odds to free the wrongly accused . The Long Expedition established a short-lived republic in Texas known as \underline{\qquad \qquad}. Logos .she has merely broken a time honored code of our society Closing Argument. This case was about the rape of Mayella Ewell by an African American man in a small southern town of Maycomb, Alabama. Parallelism is an important part of antithesis. Atticus Closing Argument Worksheet. Fiendfyre, for example," he nodded at me, "feeds off the emotion of hate and will not work if the feeling is not sufficiently strong, thus part of why it is . Also, he was emotionally invested in this case, and he knew that his conscience would not allow him to do what was not right, regardless of others opinions. Atticus uses ethos many times throughout his closing argument, His most powerful ones are I would like to remind you that this case is not a difficult one but it does require you to be sure beyond all reasonable doubt as to the guilt of the defendant. No code mattered to her before she broke it, but it came crashing down on her afterwards. Authors and speakers use antithesis between characters, concepts and situations to draw contrasts in their work which can be a very effective way to persuade an audience to support a character, vote a certain way or even buy a particular product. This conversation is taking place just days before the controversial trial of Atticus defending a black man accused of rapeing a white woman. Although, what's to say that if Finch was not allocated this position, he would have pursued it. dropped; unemployment rates soared; European banks and businesses closed. Antithesis is an effective literary device because humans tend to define through contrast. Honor is crucial no matter the situation, so to compress the film version of To Kill a Mockingbird by eliminating scenes that encourage honor, discards a valuable principle for viewers to grasp. The quote just stated is saying, Jem was angry by the verdict, Atticus tells him that the people will continue to do it, more and more. The English language is full of literary devices that can enliven your writing. Shakespeare's plays are full of antithesis, and so is Hamlet's most well-known "To be or not to be" soliloquy. For the closing statement of Atticus was moving speech that could not determine the fate of Tom Robinsons verdict. The book's protagonist, Atticus Finch, does this to persuade the jury of Tom Robinson's innocence. Teachers and parents! Antithesis (Greek for "setting opposite", from -"against" and "placing") is used in writing or speech either as a proposition that contrasts with or reverses some previously mentioned proposition, or when two opposites are introduced together for contrasting effect. Global Grassroots Basketball Tournaments, In this speech by one of America's most well-known orators, antithesis allows Martin Luther King Jr. to highlight the contrast between two visions of the future; in the first vision, humans rise above their differences to cooperate with one another, while in the other humanity is doomed by infighting and division. He states a court is only as good as the members of the jury. The case is really pressuring Atticus into actually fighting for what he believes is right. Mr. Underwood, the publisher of Maycomb 's newspaper as well as a respected all of Atticus, sadly compares Tom 's death to the senseless slaughter of songbirds (pg.244) stating another reference to the ever-present mockingbird, Toms case was extremely unfair because the jury was all prejudice people. The state has not produced one iota of medical evidence to the effect that the crime Tom Robinson is charged with ever took place. No products in the cart. Here are some examples of antithesis from famous speeches: "We must learn to live together as brothers or perish together as fools." - Martin Luther King, Jr. "And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you ask what you can do for your country. The two characters are shown as opposites in order to highlight the good qualities of one and the evil . Fundamentally, writers of all types use antithesis for its ability to create a clear contrast. We know all men are not created equal in the sense some people would have us believesome people are smarter than others, some people have more opportunity because theyre born with it, some men make more money than others, some ladies make better cake than otherssome people are born gifted beyond the normal scope of men. He goes on to say that Tom is not guilty but someone in the room is. It was clear that the people in the court do know that what Atticus says is true. Atticus Finch having lived in this culture during this time of segregation also gives him a sense of what Tom Robinson and his audience was feeling. Although all the evidence pointed to Tom Robinson being innocent and the only witnesses were from unreliable and changing sources he was still convicted. As any book critic will tell you Atticus gives one of the greatest speeches in literary history in order to defend Tom Robinson. During this monologue, Harper Lee establishes a resigned tone and uses the tone to establish a universal theme of the struggle for equality. To finally win over the jury in favor of his case Atticus uses ethos when he claims, Gentlemen, a court is no better than each man of you sitting before me on this jury. Atticus is an idealist and knows what is right and what is wrong. In the novel, To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, Atticus Finch includes many examples of ethos, pathos, and logos in his closing argument. When Atticus is asked to defend Tom Robinson, a Negro man accused of raping a white girl, he accepts. Atticus insists the truth about what occured at the Ewell house will be heard in court. This joy is expressed through antithesis, since the singer uses the miserable weather of a cloudy, cold day as the setting for the sunshine-filled month of May that "his girl" makes him feel inside, emphasizing the power of his emotions by contrasting them with the bleak weather. Despite Atticus best efforts, and Toms apparent innocence, Tom is found guilty of rape. 9 points Key Terms for Lesson logos: by appealing to an audience's sense of reason and logic, the speaker or writer intends to make the audience think clearly about the sensible and/or obvious answer to a problem pathos: by appealing to the audiences emotions, the speaker or writer can make the audience feel sorrow, shame, sympathy . Atticus Finch begins his closing statement with his claim "to begin with, this case should have never come to trial." Here are the two reasons he gives to develop his argument. The rhetorical device can be used in very different ways in order to achieve varied outcomes. Function of Antithesis Atticus presents the above statement to the jury, setting up an antithesis. It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some small degree of independence within a larger parent company, in this case the larger company being Interscope Records. In everyone's mind Tom is bad because he is Black, through this quote Atticus tries to make the audience see that Tom is a man, and that some men are bad and some are good but Atticus just wants them to look at the evidence to decide if Toms guilty or not, and to try to make them see that everyone is capable of making mistakes not just black people. In the name of God, do your duty. This is the strongest point that Atticus makes that alludes to the jury's sense of ethics, because when Atticus says God, it makes any of the jury who believes in a God which at that time most did it draws to their attention that Tom Robinson is a man with a family, that he is a human being and that is what God wants them to do. Antithesis by Muhammed Ali "Float like a butterfly, sting like a bee." Atticus Finch, one of the towns best lawyers has an insurmountable task ahead of him when he takes on the case of defending Tom from an extremely biased jury.
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