chuck rosenberg resigns

By submitting your email, you agree to our Terms and Privacy Policy and to receive email correspondence from us. He said he didnt believe anyone at the agency would mistreat a defendant, but we have an obligation to speak out when something is wrong. Chuck Rosenberg is a married man but no information about his wife but will be updated soon. [15], dogfighting charges against suspended Atlanta Falcons quarterback Michael Vick, "Rosenberg named to head troubled DEA, replacing Leonhart", "Obama Is Said to Choose Chuck Rosenberg as Next D.E.A. At least, we try, Rosenberg wrote. We fix stuff. The neighborhoods in which we live are better for your commitment to the rule of law, dedication to the cause of justice, and perseverance in the face of adversity, Rosenberg wrote. from Harvard University and his J.D. . See the complete profile on LinkedIn and discover Nicholas' connections and jobs at similar companies. These Are Some of The Weirdest Lottery Stories Youll Ever Read, Football Pool Results: Week 26 Pool Result 2022 Pool Agent, Wife Material: Man Stops Pretty Lady on the Road, Gives Her New Handbag, She Jumps & Kneels to Thank Him, My Mother Will Go Back to Her Husbands House: Man Shares How He Would Deal With Mum for Slapping His Wife, Man Builds N58 Million House After Wife Dumps Him Over Poverty, Men Think Hes My Son: Nigerian Lady Chases Little Brother Away from Her at Mall, Video Trends, Your Brother is Handsome: Lady Plays and Dances With Her Sibling Who Resembles Her, Video Goes Viral, Good Morning Everybody: Man Shocks People Queuing for Naira Notes, Shouts Suddenly Inside Bank, Asiwaju Don Chase Ur Destiny Helper: BBNs Pere Turns Down Tinubu Supporter Who Begged Him for Money Online, I Need to Invest It: Nigerian Lady Flaunts Foreign Currencies She Found in Her Okrika Bag, Video Causes Stir, Hes an Old Man From Birth: Actress Regina Daniels Gushes As Lookalike 2nd Son Clocks 8 Months, Shares Photo, You Are a Fat Fool: Tonto Dikeh Goes Rogue on Actress Foluke Daramola for Wading Into Churchill Drama, I Like This Madam: Female Teacher With Perfect Shape Writes on Blackboard, TikTok Video Goes Viral, 2023 UTME: JAMB Releases More Information on Candidate Registration, Nigerian man becomes lecturer to his nursery school teacher, they meet in class, Full List of Newly Approved Federal, State and Private Universities In Nigeria, Latest JAMB News on JAMB 2023, JAMB Registration 2023, 20th January 2023, 10 Budget-Friendly Cannabis Seed Options for Starting Your Garden, Key Ways for Ensuring Data Security during Cloud Migration, The Best Gadgets Youll Need for Streaming, Why Casino Providers Matter: How to Choose the Right Online Casino. In late July, Mr. Rosenberg, told the deputy attorney general, Rod J. Rosenstein, that he did not want to be considered as the permanent administrator of the D.E.A. He was hired out of law school through the U.S Attorney Generals Honors Program. Rosenberg is an Obama administration holdover going back to 2015, so the news was not totally unexpected. Rosenberg briefed National Press Foundation fellows in October 2022: What News Media Misses About Trump, Mar-a-Lago. A staunch Obama critic who had criticized his decision to reopen diplomatic relations with Cuba, Fuentes, a Trump supporter, hailed a renewed sense of optimism and moral superiority that justice will prevail, upon the presidents inauguration in January. While filling in as the U.S. Lawyer for the Eastern District of Virginia, Rosenberg had his shareof imperative indictments. He was presidentially appointed and unanimously confirmed as the U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia from 2006 through 2008 and appointed by the Attorney General to serve as the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Texas, from 2005 through 2006. Fox News Is Reportedly Shadowbanning Donald Trump. 844-411-0500 / . We accept credit card, Apple Pay, and The balance of the roster in every office is comprised of career men and women who work for presidents and attorneys general of both parties, faithful to the law and to their oath to support and defend the Constitution of the United States. Similarly, more than 35,000 people work for the FBI, but only one the director is politically appointed. According to the Times, Rosenberg sent a letter to DEA staff about his resignation on Tuesday. Rosenberg later served as Chief of Staff to the Director of the FBI (201315). injected the White House into law enforcement matters, he would never have nominated Jeff Sessions. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. The neighborhoods in which we live are better for your commitment to the rule of law, dedication to the cause of justice and perseverance in the face of adversity, Rosenberg said in his message to employees Tuesday. He is an orphan. His resignation became effective on October 1, 2017. He offered gold-wrapped candy bars in a stunt that showed he isnt a worthy successor to his dad. EU Calls for Sack of INEC Chairman, Tinubus Disqualification? The head of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) plans to step down this week, according to the New York Times and Washington Post, because he doesnt believe that President Donald Trump respects the law. The DEA Administrator is head of the chief U.S. agency for Controlled Substances Act enforcement, whereas theDrug Czar coordinates anti-drug propaganda and advisesthe President. I Stood For Justice And Equity Gov Makinde Reveals Why Tinubu Won In Oyo, President Buhari Was Deceived Yahaya Bello. Rosenbergs resignation is effective October 1. Chuck Rosenberg Early Life and Family Chuck Rosenberg was born on September 10, 1960, in the United States. His clients run the gamut from individual investors and entrepreneurs to widely held domestic and international corporations. At least, we try. DEA pledged to make it easier for private companies. The official, Chuck Rosenberg, who twice served as chief of staff to the former F.B.I. Whoever replaces Rosenberg will be charged with running a key agency in the federal law enforcement response to the ongoing opioid epidemic, which now contributes to tens of thousands of drug overdose deaths annually. -Famous as former American acting head of DEA. Florida Republican Wants to Cancel Democrats Over Slavery. . Mr. Rosenberg was originally appointed by President Barack Obama following the 2015 resignation of former DEA Chief Michele Leonhart. Fortunately, he failed. The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of Cond Nast. He is an American citizen. employees at the time to tell them that they should not mistreat suspects. DEA head Chuck Rosenberg cited "honor" as one of his reasons for stepping down over Trump's take on law enforcement. DeSantis Promises Florida Will Control Disney Content. He received his B.A. Theres absolutely nothing funny about the people in my family or millions of others who benefit from medical cannabis. Reading the report, I was unsurprised by the former presidents disgraceful behavior. Yet Trump is running into big problems on this end, with hundreds of top jobs still vacant as of August. Things you buy through our links may earn Vox Media a commission. The former DEA head was not particularly supportive of the legal cannabis industry, even, . The DEA not only helps enforce the law against illicitly produced drugs like heroin and fentanyl as part of its broader efforts in the war on drugs, but it also controls the regulatory quota system for opioid painkillers a power that it has only lightly wielded as doctors have prescribed more and more of the medications. However, his net worth is still under review, it will be updated as soon as its clear. [7], Throughout his distinguished career in law enforcement and public service, Chuck has earned the trust and the praise of his colleagues at every level, said former Attorney General Loretta Lynch. Something went wrong. from Tufts University, his M.P.P. But we can leave that criticism aside for now. DEA administrator Chuck Rosenberg has resigned. Photo source: DOJ. During a press conference, the mayor said his words about not believing in the separation of church and state were just his own beliefs. Trump can, and probably will, appoint someone with retrograde views on marijuana to fill Rosenbergs vacant seat. You can also contribute via. Direct Phone (470) ***-**** Get Direct Phone. Rosenberg's remarks coincide with the release of the DEA's 2015 National Drug Threat Assessment Summary, which shows that drug use is up among most types of illicit drugs, except for cocaine.. I congratulate our friends at the Drug Enforcement Administration. director James B. Comey and remains a close confidant, had grown disillusioned with Mr. Trump. King Charles Evicts Harry and Meghan From House They Dont Live In. (1982) from Tufts University, his M.P.P. "[10] The Washington Post editorial board, in a piece entitled "A divided nation gets moral guidance - but not from Trump," wrote: "His letter was important not as a rebuke to the president but as a model of leadership and courage in reaffirming democratic values. Stay up to date with news and insights on cannabis law and policy by subscribing to the blog. Chuck Rosenberg worked at the highest levels of the Justice Department and on its biggest terrorism, espionage, fraud, and public corruption cases as a federal prosecutor. Former U.S. attorney Preet Bharara, who was fired by Trump, tweeted out his support for Rosenberg: Acting DEA chief Chuck Rosenberg is one of the most devoted & honorable public servants I know. holds itself to a higher standard. Rosenberg, for one, seemed to decide to quit in part due to his belief that Trump doesnt believe in the rule of law, in part because Trump fired his confidant and former boss, James Comey. These are proven failed ways to approach the issue., Nearly 30 states allow marijuana for medical purposes, and eight have passed laws legalizing its recreational use. Other purported villains make cameos from the White House and from elsewhere in government. 4 Date resignation requested by the Department of Justice is unknown. In the podcast, Chuck dialects with other former government officials about their careers, crucial moments they witnessed in history, and what pulled them to public service. But its simply going to be much harder to attract people to this administration when theres an image that its engulfed in chaos. Tuesdayafternoon, the Washington Post broke an article that acting Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) chief Chuck Rosenberg plans to resign within a week. Bowing to pressure, Rosenberg resigns after 31 years. As the Senates report notes, [t]he norm that law enforcement must be free from political interference is so critical and so uniformly acknowledged in our system of government that the U.S. State Department regularly cites the politicization of a governments prosecutorial power as grounds for determining that a foreign power is an 'authoritarian state. This concept of apolitical integrity is bipartisan and collectively supported. Why its so hard to get answers on long Covid. Rosenberg was vigorously engaged with the administrations death penalty case against indicted September 11 backstabber Zacarias Moussaoui, who was condemned to life in jail in 2006. Chuck Rosenberg in Washington, D.C., on April 18. WASHINGTON, May 14 (UPI) -- Chuck Rosenberg, a top official at the Federal Bureau of Investigation, will replace Michele Leonhart as the head of the Drug Enforcement Administration.. "When you see these thugs being thrown into the back of a paddy wagon you just see them thrown in, rough," Trump said July 28 in an address in Selden, New York. Rosenberg announced his resignation Friday, effective immediately, citing his own health concerns and the deteriorating health of his wife, Rosalie. Rosenbergs departure is not unexpected, as he was appointed by President Obama in 2015 and is close with fired FBI director James Comey, serving twice as his chief of staff. Rosenberg received his B.A. Rosenberg made news when he rejected. He listed the DEAs values including rule of law and integrity and said employees must earn and keep the public trust and continue to hold ourselves to the very highest standards.. Rosenberg, 57, was kept on by Trump, but his future with the administration came into doubt after Trump fired FBI Director James Comey a close associate whom Rosenberg had served as chief of staff. The Oath with Chuck Rosenberg, is a series of revealing, one-on-one conversations with thoughtful former American public officials from the highest levels of government service shaping this pivotal moment in American history. The Biden administrations policy of blocking unvaccinated people from the country continues to make little sense. Thats what law enforcement officers do. Now Trump will have to find a replacement for the DEA chief, adding to the list of hundreds of jobs that hes been slow to fill. Other priorities during Rosenberg's term as U.S. Attorney included child pornography cases, violent crime, and mortgage fraud. And Trump failed because justice a concept that seems utterly to elude him is stronger and better and sturdier and smarter than he is. He formerly served as the U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia (EDVA) and for the Southern District of Texas; as a senior FBI official on the staff of two FBI Directors; as Counselor to the Attorney General; as the Chief of Staff to the Deputy Attorney General; as an Assistant U.S. Attorney in EDVA in Norfolk and Alexandria; and as See also Kaluka Maiava Wiki Biography, Age, Height, Wife, Net Worth, Family. Chuck was born in Brooklyn, New York, on September 10, 1960. Chuck conducts sensitive internal investigations and counsels corporations and individuals on criminal and regulatory matters. From the look of things, his marriage is good and properly working out. Now its all about Trump. Plays Incompetent Willy Wonka at CPAC. Around this time last year, the Drug Enforcement Administration announced it would begin accepting applications for a . Yet the Justice Department's election policy is more ambiguous and thus potentially more subject to abuse than we might think. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Mr. Trump has injected the White House into law enforcement matters in ways that have made many career officials uncomfortable. Chuck Rosenberg is through working for the Trump administration. 2023 Cond Nast. His absence could put more pressure on the Trump administration, which eight months in has yet to nominate a candidate to head the DEA. August 2016. His resignation became effective on October 1, 2017. may now take a more Trumpian turn. You also need to know a bit about the structure of The Department to understand the context of the Jan. 3 meeting. Charles Philip "Chuck" Rosenberg (born September 10, 1960) is the former acting Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration. Chuck Rosenberg is a veteran of the U.S. Justice Department who served as chief of staff to the FBI director before he was named head of the DEA. Just look at the HPV shot. Different needs during Rosenbergs term as US Attorney included child pornography cases, which have been expanding, alongside fierce wrongdoing and home loan misrepresentation. Robert Patterson, the current acting head of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), has announced that he is retiring at the end of the month. Please view our full Terms Of Use Agreement for more information and the terms and conditions governing your use of this site. DEA Chief Chuck Rosenberg Resigns After Criticizing Trump Remarks on Police Conduct A close friend of former FBI Director James Comey, Rosenberg was considered unlikely to remain in the Trump. Their principled stand prevailed. Two days later, Rosenberg released another statement, writing that he had "caused discomfort for a valued colleague" and, as a result, stepped down. December 2016. 2024 Polls Show DeSantis Cant Easily Knock Out Trump. But I was also unsurprised by the behavior of DOJ senior leadership. Subverting Justice is a catchy name for the report issued Thursday by the majority staff of the Senate Judiciary Committee, regarding a deplorable attempt by former President Donald Trump to overturn the results of the 2020 presidential election. from Harvard University, and his J.D. By submitting your email, you agree to our, The DEA chief is reportedly resigning because he believes Trump doesnt respect thelaw, Hailey Bieber, Selena Gomez, and the Easter egg-ification of the Hollywood feud, The Supreme Court signals that a terrifying attack on voting rights will vanish for now, Sign up for the I write to offer a strong reaffirmation of the operating principles to which we, as law enforcement professionals, adhere. The 4-Day Week Is for White-collar Workers. The Canna Law Blog is a forum for discussion about the practical aspects of cannabis law and how it impacts those involved in this growing industry. Such a referendum occurred most recently during Jeff Sessions confirmation hearing, and had begun to ramp up again with Trumps recent nomination of Terrible Tom Marino to the post of National Drug Control Policy Director (a.k.a., the Drug Czar). Emily Kohrs didnt do anything wrong, and the medias harsh treatment of the Fulton County foreperson was a gift to Trumps lawyers. Chuck Rosenberg Charles Philip "Chuck" Rosenberg (born September 10, 1960) is the former acting Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration . This was an outlandish statement, but one that his predecessor. report issued Thursday by the majority staff of the Senate Judiciary Committee, former President Donald Trump to overturn the results of the 2020 presidential election, Murder-suicide pact: Senate report reveals bombshell details of Trumps attempted coup. (1982) from Tufts University, his M.P.P. Chuck Rosenberg is a senior counsel in Crowell & Moring's Washington, D.C. office and a member of the firm's White Collar & Regulatory Enforcement Group. He currently works as an MSNBC News Contributor. from Tufts University, his M.P.P. The Career of Chuck Rosenberg. He is of American and his ethnicity is White. As Rosenberg packs up his office, here are a few of his greatest hits and misses: The record shows Rosenberg was no friend of cannabis. To revist this article, visit My Profile, then View saved stories. *Sorry, there was a problem signing you up. [9] His internal memo to the DEA workforce gained public attention for Rosenberg's repudiation of Trump's remarks. According to FIU's website, under Rosenberg's leadership as president, FIU increased enrollment to almost 58,000 students, improved graduation rates by 23%, and hired over 400 new full-time . Chuck is still alive and in good health. In a message to D.E.A. That apparently led to pushback by his newer bosses at the Justice Department which is now led by Attorney General Jeff Sessions, who once said that good people dont smoke marijuana, opposes legalization of any kind, and rescinded an Obama-era memo that pulled back mandatory minimums for low-level drug offenders. Chuck Rosenberg, the head of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) has resigned effective Oct. 1, sparking mixed reactions from the marijuana industry about his departure and raising questions about his successor. WASHINGTON The acting head of the Drug Enforcement Administration will resign at the end of the week, according to law enforcement officials, who said he had become convinced that President Trump had little respect for the law. You will continue to do great things. From comedy classics to underseen dramatic gems, your next binge is waiting. Aside from Jeff Sessions, Trumps next DEA appointee could have more impact on the cannabis industry than anyone in the current administration. He was appointed in May 2015 following the resignation of Michele Leonhart . This password will be used to sign into all, senior editor for Intelligencer who has worked at New York since 2012, Photo: BRENDAN SMIALOWSKI/AFP/Getty Images, DEA Chief Exits, Reportedly Over Lack of Confidence in Trump, Rick Scott Is Unfortunately Kind of Right About Novak Djokovic. This is how we treat those whom we encounter in our work: victims, witnesses, subjects, and defendants. [4], Rosenberg also spent time working in private practice as Counsel at Hunton & Williams (200002), as a partner at Hogan Lovells (200813), and as a senior counsel and member of the White Collar & Regulatory Enforcement Group at Crowell & Moring (2017present).[5]. Then-U.S. Attorney Chuck Rosenberg testifies to the Senate judiciary committee on Capitol Hill in Washington D.C., on, October 19, 2005. This material contains statements about expected future events and/or financial results that are forward-looking in nature and subject to risks and uncertainties. Chuck Rosenberg said in a memo in July that President Donald Trump's remarks on police use of force "condoned police misconduct." Chuck Rosenberg, acting head of the Drug Enforcement. About his wifes pictures, they are not available but will be updated as soon as they are. Chuck Rosenberg Age. Mark Rosenberg, Florida International University's fifth president, installed in August 2009, abruptly resigned in January. Industry advocates should watch the pending developments closely. 5 Subsequently submitted resignation on May 30, 2007, . Rosenberg is an Obama administration holdover going back to 2015, so the news was not totally unexpected. Chuck Rosenberg is famous for acting head of the Drug Enforcement Administration. Biden Chooses Crime Messaging Over D.C. Home Rule. Rosenberg was heavily involved in the government's capital punishment case against convicted September 11 conspirator Zacarias Moussaoui, who was sentenced to life in prison in 2006. Alex Johnson is a reporter and editor for NBC News based in Los Angeles. I will continue to root for you, now from the sidelines.. These are proven failed ways to approach the issue.. (Alex Wong, Getty Images file) Acting DEA head says he will resign within days Chuck Rosenberg in Washington, D.C., on April 18. Will you support Voxs explanatory journalism? Proud to have been his colleague and friend. They dont deserve to be laughed at, and they dont belong in handcuffs.. Chuck Rosenberg, former Chief of Staff to FBI Director Jim Comey, joins Julie Mason to share his thoughts on the FBI Mar-a-Lago investigation. A Whistleblowers Claims About a St. Louis Transgender Center Are Under Fire. Director (Published 2015)", "Department of Justice Announces New Acting Administrator of Drug Enforcement Administration", "Rosenberg Stepping Down as U.S. Attorney", "DEA rebukes Trump telling officers to be 'rough', "At Last a Federal Law Enforcement Leader Engages Trump", "DEA chief resigns after criticizing Trump remarks on police conduct", "Dismayed by Trump, Head of Drug Enforcement Administration to Leave (Published 2017)", "Justice Department names new acting head of drug enforcement agency", "Comey notes could show up in obstruction case", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chuck_Rosenberg&oldid=1113479647, This page was last edited on 1 October 2022, at 17:49. Canada Cannabis Legalization: A Look Back at Year One, Illinois Just Became the 11th State to Legalize Recreational Marijuana. IE 11 is not supported. He has proven himself as an exceptional leader, a skilled problem-solver, and a consummate public servant of unshakeable integrity. Get Full Access to Joshua's Info . Financial contributions from our readers are a critical part of supporting our resource-intensive work and help us keep our journalism free for all. I will continue to root for you, now from the sidelines.. Alex Murdaugh sentenced to two life terms for murdering his wife and son. Much of this has to do with Trump just being slow to nominate people to the jobs, which Trump has excused in the past by arguing that he doesnt want to fill all these positions because he feels you dont need all those jobs.. Its all about not looking soft on crime. Rosenberg allegedly declined. [13], On November 13, 2017, Rosenberg initiated his role as an MSNBC contributor with an interview on The Rachel Maddow Show. There have been no reports of him being sick or having any health-related issues. Subverting Justice is a catchy name for the report issued on Thursday by the majority staff of the Senate Judiciary Committee, regarding a deplorable attempt by former President Donald Trump. The lawyer attended Balboa School for his instruction. Rosenberg immediately pushed back on Trumps comments in an email to DEA employees, telling them they should not mistreat suspects. Rosenberg and Attorney General Jeff Sessions had reportedly been at loggerheads over whether to prioritize the fight against MS-13, a Central American gang often invoked by Trump, or against the more well-financed and well-organized drug cartels. I will continue to root for you, now from the sidelines.. Mobile Number (***) ***-**** Get Mobile Number. Parents and patients are now refuting her key claims. By Chuck Rosenberg, former United States attorney and MSNBC legal analyst "Subverting Justice" is a catchy name for the report issued Thursday by the majority staff of the Senate Judiciary. A A Chuck Rosenberg is resigning as acting Drug Enforcement Administration chief after splitting with the White House on several issues, including marijuana and gangs, The Washington Post reported on Tuesday. director James Comey, had become convinced that President Trump had little respect for the law., Although he gave no specific reason for his departure in a message to D.E.A. Politico reported that Rosenberg had considered resigning at the time, despite overtures from Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein to see if he would consider being nominated to head the D.E.A. It was announced that Robert W. Patterson, who had been serving as the DEA's Principal Deputy Administrator, had succeeded Rosenberg as Acting Administrator for the DEA. Chuck Rosenberg, pictured speaking in 2007, now leads the Drug Enforcement Administration. Chuck Rosenberg The acting head of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) has resigned from his post, convinced that President Donald Trump has little respect for the law. But the report is also about public servants who acted admirably in this sordid episode including from the senior ranks of the Justice Department and from White House Counsels Office who honored their oath, advocated for the rule of law, and managed to contain a reckless and foolish president attempting to put his political self-interest above the interests of the nation. In recent months, however, Rosenberg had confronted the Justice Department and U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions, who had been accused of deliberately blocking more than two dozen applications to study cannabis. They dont deserve to be laughed at, and they dont belong in handcuffs., In recent months, however, Rosenberg had confronted the Justice Department and U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions, who had been, accused of deliberately blocking more than two dozen applications to study cannabis. Over one month after the sudden resignation of former FIU President Dr. Mark Rosenberg, a new 15-page report claims he sought out companionship from a female employee . Millions turn to Vox to educate themselves, their family, and their friends about whats happening in the world around them, and to learn about things that spark their curiosity. Get Email Address. He is 58 years as of 2019 and was born in Brooklyn, New York, United States on September 10, 1960. It was announced that Robert W. Patterson, who had been serving as the DEA's Principal Deputy Administrator, had succeeded Rosenberg as Acting Administrator for the DEA. ", On September 26, 2017, it was announced that Rosenberg, dismayed by the Trump administration, was stepping down. In this role, he worked closely with James Comey and other senior FBI officials on counterterrorism, intelligence, cyber and criminal investigative issues, including with international, federal, state and local law enforcement partners. It was announced that Rosenberg, was stepping down on September 26, 2017,following agitation by the Trump administration. The DEA is also seated within the Department of Justice (DOJ), directly downline from Attorney General Jeff Sessions. newsletter. Cannabidiol (. ) Links to any informational websites are provided solely as a service to our users. Acting DEA Administrator Chuck Rosenberg is set to resign. You may also like . would mistreat a defendant. In the email to DEA staffers, Chuck Rosenberg, who became acting administrator in 2015, gave no reason for his departure, which takes effect on Sunday. Rick Scott Is Unfortunately Right About Novak Djokovic. There is no information about his net worth and salary but will be updated soon. The city threw out a Democratic mayor for the first time in decades. [1], Rosenberg was born in Brooklyn and raised in Nassau County on Long Island.