In October 1961, the Navy tested the NTDS on the USS Oriskany carrier and the USS King and USS Mahan frigates. Of the following, which is one of the controversies surrounding use of word processing in schools? The basic idea for bombes came from Polish code-breaker Marian Rejewski's 1938 "Bomba.". 40,000 were sold, including 10 to NASA for use on the Apollo space project. It developed a very loyal following while add-on components allowed it to be upgraded easily. What can both teachers and students create to make a visual record their skill development over time? MADDIDA is a digital drum-based differential analyzer. It featured a 5-inch display, 64 KB of memory, a modem, and two 5.25-inch floppy disk drives. Download now! Led by curator Doron Swade the team built Babbages machine in six years, using techniques that would have been available to Babbage at the time, proving that Babbages design was accurate and that it could have been built in his day. Intel and Zilog introduced new microprocessors. Today those systems use the PowerPC chip, also by Motorola and a successor to the 68000 series. More than 50 PDP-1s were sold. Assessment instruments may have lower reliability and validity when used with non-native English speakers. Apollo was a leading innovator in the workstation field for more than a decade, and was acquired by Hewlett-Packard in 1989. Over the next few years, the basic design of the IAS machine was copied in at least 17 places and given similar-sounding names, for example, the MANIAC at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory; the ILLIAC at the University of Illinois; the Johnniac at The Rand Corporation; and the SILLIAC in Australia. It managed Japan's first on-line, real-time reservation system for Kinki Nippon Railways in 1960. refers to symbols that represent fast objects and ideas. The legal result was a landmark: Atanasoff was declared the originator of several basic computer ideas, but the computer as a concept was declared un-patentable and thus freely open to all. Motes are also known as smart dust, since the intention is that their tiny size and low cost make them inexpensive enough to sprinkle in the real world to as sensors. The basic computer cost $28,500. The US Army asked Bell Laboratories to design a machine to assist in testing its M-9 gun director, a type of analog computer that aims large guns to their targets. What can be accomplished by using the Quality Matters standards and the Rubric for Assessing Interactive Quality? The company sold about 200 machines, losing $500 per unit. Ross contended that a Flexowriter -- an electrically-controlled typewriter -- connected to an MIT computer could function as a keyboard input device due to its low cost and flexibility. Lisa itself, and especially its GUI, were inspired by earlier work at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. Level. Their first product, the HP 200A Audio Oscillator, rapidly became a popular piece of test equipment for engineers. Using dual PowerPC 603 CPUs, and featuring a large variety of peripheral ports, the first devices were used for software development. The replica is currently on display at the Computer History Museum. A later version of that machine became the PDP-8, the first commercially successful minicomputer. Daniel Hillis of Thinking Machines Corporation moves artificial intelligence a step forward when he develops the controversial concept of massive parallelism in the Connection Machine CM-1. ENIAC used panel-to-panel wiring and switches for programming, occupied more than 1,000 square feet, used about 18,000 vacuum tubes and weighed 30 tons. The Newton line never performed as well as hoped and was discontinued in 1998. The Relay Interpolator used 440 relays, and since it was programmable by paper tape, was used for other applications following the war. Definition. Rather than testing components like the SEAC, the SWAC was built using already-developed technology. All three PowerBooks introduced featured a built-in trackball, internal floppy drive, and palm rests, which would eventually become typical of 1990s laptop design. In 1979, Truong sold R2E to Bull. OS/2 was the first advanced GUI operating system for Intel-based microcomputers, and has been around for a few years. Spreadsheet Of the following challenges, which one has not been identified as a challenge for students engaged in blended learning? Get started for free! The Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC) project, led by IBM engineer Wallace Eckert, uses both relays and vacuum tubes to process scientific data at the rate of 50 14 x 14 digit multiplications per second. H. Edward Roberts, the Florida-born former U.S. Air Force officer who headed MITS, decided to design a small, affordable computer around the Intel 8080. What is the function of an IEP generator? These tables were later confirmed by using more modern computers for the actual flights. Scientific and defense applications included studies of human electrophysiology, nuclear weapon simulation, human genome mapping, and global climate change. Microcomputer was formerly a commonly used term for personal computers, particularly any of a class of small digital computers whose CPU is contained on a single integrated semiconductor chip. Onyx Systems began selling early microcomputer-based Unix workstations in 1980. The architecture that allowed Windows and IBM OS/2 has remained in subsequent chips. The PDP-8 sold for $18,000, one-fifth the price of a small IBM System/360 mainframe. . The Pi weighed only 45 grams and initially sold for only $25-$35 U.S. The TRS-80 was priced at $599.95, included a Z80 microprocessor, video display, 4 KB of memory, a built-in BASIC programming language interpreter, cassette storage, and easy-to-understand manuals that assumed no prior knowledge on the part of the user. Ed de Castro, its main designer and co-founder of Data General, had earlier led the team that created the DEC PDP-8. Subject. DEC is founded initially to make electronic modules for test, measurement, prototyping and control markets. Designed to replace the 32-bit VAX architecture, the Alpha is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microprocessor. The PC era ended Wangs success, and it filed for bankruptcy in 1992. The first Kindle featured wireless access to content via Amazon.com, along with an SD card slot allowing increased storage. On April 7, IBM announced five models of System/360, spanning a 50-to-1 performance range. While larger than the previous G4 towers, the G5 had comparatively limited space for expansion. It was transferred to the Department of Physics at the University of Melbourne in 1955 and remained in service until 1964. The Micral computer series debuted their first computer in early 1973. Called the Model K Adder because he built it on his Kitchen table, this simple demonstration circuit provides proof of concept for applying Boolean logic to the design of computers, resulting in construction of the relay-based Model I Complex Calculator in 1939. Before its decommissioning in 1952, the SSEC produced the moon position tables used in early planning of the 1969 Apollo XII moon landing. Designed by British engineer Tommy Flowers, the Colossus is designed to break the complex Lorenz ciphers used by the Nazis during World War II. Sales were weaker than projected, despite being widely praised by the press for its active matrix display, removable trackball, and high performance. Term. Its chiclet keyboard was also criticized for poor ergonomics. Three types of the M3 were available two types that measured either temperature or pressure and one that could take images. The first release proved so popular there was a long delay in delivering systems on release. The LEO was Englands first commercial computer and was performing useful work before any other commercial computer system in the world. The first generation of Palm-produced devices, the Palm 1000 and 5000, are based around a Motorola microprocessor running at 16MHz, and uses a special gestural input language called Graffiti, which is quick to learn and fast. The chip quickly became popular with designers of early personal computers like the Apple II and Commodore PET, as well as game consoles like the Nintendo Entertainment System. Which of the following is one strategy often used in online courses to ensure academic integrity? Most historians believe that the use of Colossus machines significantly shortened the war by providing evidence of enemy intentions and beliefs. The laser printer was used with PARCs Alto computer, and was commercialized as the Xerox 9700. It was named after John von Neumann, a world famous mathematician and computer pioneer of the day. The Commodore 64 was one of the most popular microcomputers of its era, and is the best-selling model of home computers of all time. True False Which is an acknowledged benefit of software with drill and practice functions? What have recent studies of online school performance compared with traditional school performance shown? Microsoft Windows, also called Windows and Windows OS, computer operating system (OS) developed by Microsoft Corporation to run personal computers (PCs). The motes were powered by a tiny battery and could gain light energy through a photocell, which was enough to feed the infinitesimally small amount of energy a mote consumes (1 picowatt). So in 1971, Starkweather transferred to Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), away from corporate oversight. Apple Stores display of newly introduced Apple Watches. Leaving Palm Inc., Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins found Handspring. The 48-bit machine used 92 point-contact transistors and 550 diodes. One of the earliest and most popular pieces of software for microcomputers was the VisiCalc spreadsheet program. The Nova line of computers continued through the 1970s, and influenced later systems like the Xerox Alto and Apple 1. The C64, as it is better known, sells for $595, comes with 64 KB of RAM and features impressive graphics. Commodore releases the VIC-20 home computer as the successor to the Commodore PET personal computer. MADDIDA was flown across the country for a demonstration to John von Neumann, who was impressed. Based around the Texas Instruments TMS 9900 microprocessor running at 3 MHz, the TI 99/4 has one of the fastest CPUs available in a home computer. Headquartered in Maynard, Massachusetts, Digital Equipment Corporation, took over 8,680 square foot leased space in a nineteenth century mill that once produced blankets and uniforms for soldiers who fought in the Civil War. any combo of hardware or software designed to provide services to us. After the success of the PET, Commodore remained a major player in the personal computer market into the 1990s. After the success of the first LEO, Lyons went into business manufacturing computers to meet the growing need for data processing systems in business. In a widely circulated paper, mathematician John von Neumann outlines the architecture of a stored-program computer, including electronic storage of programming information and data -- which eliminates the need for more clumsy methods of programming such as plugboards, punched cards and paper. At MIT, researchers begin experimenting with direct keyboard input to computers, a precursor to todays normal mode of operation. When connected to a color television set, the Apple II produced brilliant color graphics for the time. Weighing 24 pounds and costing $1,795, the Osborne 1 is the first mass-produced portable computer. The function of an output device is to: Selected Answer: Convert electronic information produced by the computer system into human-intelligible form for presentation to end-users. After retiring their initial Visor series of PDAs, Handspring introduced the Treo line of smartphones, designed with built-in keyboards, cameras, and the Palm operating system. One major advance in programming was Wilkes' use of a library of short programs, called subroutines, stored on punched paper tapes and used for performing common repetitive calculations within a lager program. The display also used In Plane Switching (IPS) technology, which allowed for a wider viewing angle and improved color accuracy. The J-Phone line would quickly expand, releasing a flip-phone version just a month later. Only about thirty NEACs were sold. Operators directed actions by touching a light gun to the SAGE airspace display. (C) The Regent Corporation's microcomputer can be used in conjunction with higher-priced microcomputers manufactured by other companies. This was the first program in history to run on a digital, electronic, stored-program computer. The PC Jr. is marketed as a home computer but is too expensive and limited in performance to compete with many of the other machines in that market. Acorn's ARM RISC microprocessor is first used in the company's Archimedes computer system. Designed by Sunnyvale, California native Steve Wozniak, and marketed by his friend Steve Jobs, the Apple-1 is a single-board computer for hobbyists. Hundreds of allied bombes were built in order to determine the daily rotor start positions of Enigma cipher machines, which in turn allowed the Allies to decrypt German messages. Produce results (output) 4. Based on Charles Babbage's second design for a mechanical calculating engine, a team at the Science Museum in London sets out to prove that the design would have worked as planned. Cuthbert Hurd (standing) and Thomas Watson, Sr. at IBM 701 console. The DN100 is based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor, high-resolution display and built-in networking - the three basic features of all workstations. Built in Sydney, Australia by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research for use in its Radio physics Laboratory in Sydney, CSIRAC was designed by British-born Trevor Pearcey, and used unusual 12-hole paper tape. The Apple II, one of the first commercially successful microcomputers, was debuted at the inaugural show of which annual computer industry conference? Answers: Convert data into an electronic machine-readable form for direct entry into a computer system. Dubbed a Personal Data Assistant by Apple President John Scully in 1992, the Newton featured many of the features that would define handheld computers in the following decades. At the 2006 World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) announces it will create a program to deliver technology and resources to targeted schools in the least developed countries. It also included more memory and accommodated high-density 1.2-megabyte 5 1/4-inch floppy disks. The Paragon at Caltech was named the fastest supercomputer in the world in 1992. b. enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Started in 1943, the ENIAC computing system was built by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering of the University of Pennsylvania. Which of the following is not a significant challenge in regard to assessing students who are English language learners (ELLs)? A consortium of aerospace, energy, and marine science agencies undertook the project, and the system was built by NEC around their SX-6 architecture. The first digital computer that could operate in real-time came out of Project Whirlwind, a initiative during World War II in which MIT worked with the U.S. Navy to develop a universal flight simulator. The keyboard was comprised of three roughly triangular interlocking pieces, which formed a full-sized keyboard when the laptop was opened -- resulting in a keyboard significantly wider than the case. The PROMs What made the Sacramento State computer both so unique--and so expensive--was the programmable read-only memory on its motherboard. Conceived by Harvard physics professor Howard Aiken, and designed and built by IBM, the Harvard Mark 1 is a room-sized, relay-based calculator. Sold complete with a main logic board, switching power supply, keyboard, case, manual, game paddles, and cassette tape containing the game Breakout, the Apple-II finds popularity far beyond the hobbyist community which made up Apples user community until then. The electronic circuits (registers) of the arithmetic- logic unit perform both the arithmetic and logic functions needed for the software instructions to be executed.
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