Can you suggest a solution to the troubling increase in the use of presidential executive orders? The campaigning seems to have worked as the U.N seems likely to set up aninquiryintothe sheer brutality and callousness of Iain Duncan Smith and his department. The chapter stated that the "superior orders" is not a valid defense against charges of war crimes. Evil grown so pervasive, so ordinary, no one notices it anymore. "We were only following orders" will not be accepted as an excuse. A data context class can be created manually by you, or when you're using Entity Framework (EF), you can generate a data context class . https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/how-the-nazis-defense-of-just-following-orders-plays-out-in-the-mind, criticize the famous electric-shock study. Right shoulder arms. Nothing to worry about. A September 4th, 2019, repost[5] by Redditor wasp12313 in /r/HistoryMemes received over 2,700 upvotes. Ever since, this justification that "I was only following orders" has been popularly known as the "Nuremberg Defense." As students will discover in this inquiry, while the war crimes tribunals of 1474 and 1945 may have agreed that HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL CENTER ZEKELMAN FAMILY CAMPUS Generals and high ranking SS officers had the ability to resist or water down orders (even if just some) that were immoral. The United States Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) 809.ART.90 (20)
Now, are these boys war criminals or are they too a sort of victim of the Nazi system? Duncan Smiths attacks on the most vulnerable in society are being undertaken on the basis of the Tory support for austerity which is one of the greatest ever confidence tricks perpetuated on the British public. Image courtesy of Caspar et al., Current Biology (2016). UCMJ was invoked again during the inquiry into the Iran-Contra Affair, in 1987. Forward march. Log in or register to write something here or to contact authors. He also the senior editor and manager of newsletters. However, if it can be found that policy-makers are pushing or forcing subordinates to act unjustly in war, they can be responsible for that as well. A soldier is responsible for just conduct in war, and policy-makers are responsible for the just cause for war. We were practicing how to follow meaningless orders without thinking or complaint. For more information, please see our The Nuremberg Trials are most notable for the unsuccessful use of the I was only following orders legal defense. His friend who lived on the streets with him had been sanctioned after being taken off the sickness benefits that he was on and was put on Job seekers Allowance. This example also presents a good model for a government or military forcing its citizens or members to perform immoral acts. Thomas the tank engine was only following orders, "it was just a job".Support me on patreon for exclusive content: https://www.patreon.com/Ethereal_SnakeMerc. UK Service Law is far more complicated than American Law. "The Nuremberg Defense", failed and failed again at My Lai, and once more at Abu Ghraib, yet more and more I hear from young police officers that they did_____ because their "boss" (Cpl, Sgt, Lt, etc) told them too. Shortage of health care workers, import more. Following the Nuremburg Trials, it became clear that the excuse, "I was only following orders" was an area that needed both clarification and elimination. Column left march. I went through four years of ROTC in high school and college. Imagine numerous scenarios in which law enforcement personnel are ordered to enforce laws that both they and you know are unconstitutional and morally wrong. If an employee is fired for refusing to take part in an illegal act such as: (a) firing a subordinate in retaliation for her raising a legitimate discrimination claim against the owner; (b) refusing to defraud a customer or a vendor; or (c) refusing to lie to a state or federal official during a governmental audit; the employee would have a wrongful discharge claim under New Hampshire law. Despite the Nuremburg Trials being primarily a dissection of the most horrific phase in recent history, and a trial for those held responsible, they became a massive influence military law throughout much of the developed world following the War, and as long as the Nuremburg Principle is upheld it is hoped that aberrations like the My Lai Massacre remain little more than that - aberrations, isolated yet terrible events. However, the claim, "I was only following . They also obey orders at their own risk. The defense I was "only following orders" is sometimes referred to as the Nuremberg defense. The decisions during these cases reaffirmed that following manifestly illegal orders is not a viable defense from criminal prosecution. Of the twelve of us present that day, only I remain, and my own end is rapidly approaching. In other words, you have to pass yourself off as having been ignorant of the law, but even that defense is not tolerated in especially gross cases. click . Milgrams research tackled whether a person could be coerced into behaving heinously, but new research released Thursday offers one explanation as to why. You had no choice in the National Socialist party coming to power, you had no choice to be born in Germany and because of restrictions, you cannot escape to a neutral country such as Switzerland. Nazi war criminals. Therefore, do not automatically issue a mental guilty conviction to a person whose defense is "I was only following orders". That defense was first used in a 1799 naval blockade case and subsequently has been used in military cases related to the Vietnam War more often than in any other conflict. He had severe mental health and addiction problems. I've heard that the "I was only following orders" excuse is a bad excuse the nazis on trial used, so I'm curious what did happen to people who didn't follow the orders in the nazi regime? Squad attention. Subscribe to Heres the Deal, our politics Last edited by Rain/Storm ; 19 minutes ago. The common elements of humanitys universal moral code are found in the Ten Commandments of Moses and other texts: Since anarchy is generally unacceptable, some form of government is necessary to enact laws by which members of society must live. BIG: James Clapper Admits He Was Following Orders From His 'Commander-In-Chief, President Obama' By Elizabeth Vaughn , RedState In the transcript and the video below, Obama's Director of National Intelligence, James Clapper, speaks to CNN's Jim Sciutto and makes the stunning admission that he'd been following Obama's orders - and . At no point, however, did someone truly experience an electric shock. However, it was not accepted by the International Military Tribunal. He died of hypothermia. The three Services are bound by different acts, including the Air Force (Constitution) Act 1919, the Air Force Act 1955, the Naval Discipline Act 1955, the Army Act 1955, the Military Code 1883 and the Armed Forces Act 1993. Comment * document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a0f4feab99dd5316634ea1c890247292" );document.getElementById("d4c257114e").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Program Schedule WJRB 95.1 FM Saturday 8:00AM & 9:30AM Sunday 2:30PM & 7:00PM, Cycles of History Ignored I was only following orders. A private soldier was permitted the defence I had to do it or I would have been shot. Doctors forbidden to prescribe ivermectin. So I recognized what was going on with the pandemic. This isn't a dress rehearsal for totalitarianism, it is totalitarianism. What does following orders expression mean? As humanity rose above a subsistence level, anarchistic interpersonal relations posed a threat to harmony and survival. Unfortunately (for them), that defense doesn't fly. Calley's court-martial found him guilty of premeditated murder, and sentenced him to life imprisonment (President Nixon, for unclear reasons, immediately commuted his sentence to three years of house arrest). This inspired, if that is the word, Hannah Arendt to coin the phrase, banality of evil. Construct an argument (e.g., detailed outline, poster, essay) that discusses the compelling question using specific claims and relevant evidence from historical sources while acknowledging competing views. Unlike Milgrams classic research, Haggards team introduced a shocking element that was missing in the original 1960s experiments: actual shocks. The biggest argument I can see against this is who should get the blame then? Joshua Barajas is a senior editor for the PBS NewsHour's Communities Initiative. Are we as free-thinking as we assume? However, when President John Adams wrote the authorization order, he wrote that U.S. Navy ships were authorized to seize any vessel bound for a French port, or traveling from a French port. If a low ranking soldier or officer is told that the building is full of insurgents and is ordered to attack it, and later it turns out it's a school, and there are 30 dead kids before the mistake is realized, is following orders a valid defense? As a consequence, both the United States and the United Kingdom enshrined in Service Law the "Nuremburg Principle" which states that although Service personnel have an obligation to obey lawful orders from their superiors, they have both a right and a duty to disobey illegal orders. Your email address will not be published. Generally, employees are liable for their own wrongful acts irrespective of whether or not they were doing so at the bequest of their boss. Court will convene at 9:30 a.m. I would say that the person who signed the order should be the one punished. The "I Was Only Following Orders" Defense. But I heard something familiar from my past: A series of orders meant to condition people to unthinking obedience. Reference for conscription information:
It appears Jacob is at the _________ of . Pursuant to the President's instructions, a U.S. Navy captain seized a Danish Ship (the Flying Fish), which was en route from a French Port. Last week Showtime announced that "Billions," its drama about hedge fund egomaniacs, will be spawning several spinoffs. That is, when people act under orders, they seem to experience less agency over their actions and outcomes than when they choose for themselves, Haggard said. Only Following Orders. DWP figures also show that some2,380 people have died after being found fit for work and losing benefits. The legal precedent set by the Nuremberg Principle IV states: If they use force to compel your compliance, what will you do? (LogOut/ But does the military member have a duty to DISOBEY unlawful orders including orders of senior officers, Secretary of Defense and even the President of the United States? The term is now essentially synonymous with the phrase "I was only following orders", a phrase that has been used in defending accused war criminals for centuries. The latest news on WordPress.com and the WordPress community. Die Verarbeitung des Produkts erfolgt nur auf Bestellung des Kunden hin. It gives me a purpose. Perry said Milgrams experiments were far less controlled than originally thought and introduced variables that appeared to goose the numbers. Change). Masks not useful. Generally, employees are liable for their own wrongful acts irrespective of whether or not they were doing so at the bequest of their boss. I led my squad in manual of arms and close-order drill, which taught us three things:1. They are takeout only and they just opened so wait times may be long! Learn more about Friends of the NewsHour. booster. But that same year Stanley Milgram, a Yale University psychologist, conducted a series of famous experiments that tested whether ordinary folks would inflict harm on another person after following orders from an authoritative figure. For example, on October 19th, 2019, Redditor[6] k00ji posted a Rapper Mario meme which received over 11,000 upvotes in /r/okbuddyretard (shown below, left). At ease. As in the Nuremberg trials, I was only following orders proved not to be a valid defense, and those using it were found guilty in virtually every instance. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast, Scan this QR code to download the app now. But thanks for taking the time to comment anyway. Since 2010 the Tories have killed over 250,000 claimants & starved and made homeless millions more! Squad halt. Medications no help. The military oath taken at the time of induction into the military is as follows: "I,____________, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; and that I will obey the orders of the President of the United States and the orders of the officers appointed over me, according to the regulations and the Uniform Code of Military Justice. My point in this is that all those involved in the concentration camps of Nazi Germany were not war criminals, benign or otherwise, but were simply boys forced into cooperation with the Nazi war machine. For a start, people who give orders should perhaps be held more responsible for the actions and outcomes of those they coerce, he said. Vaccine protection durable. Photo courtesy of Reuters. However, I believe one should draw a line of distinction between those who had the power to issue orders and those who had to carry them out. Until one day you are given a notice, you were conscripted into the Waffen-SS, along with another 200,000 Wehrmacht guys, to be sent as guards to a concentration camp. For example, in New Hampshire a manager acting on behalf of his corporate employer in firing an employee that legitimately complained about sexual harassment by the owner could be found liable under the state employment discrimination laws along with the corporate employer for his participation in the illegal retaliation. For example, a September 3rd, 2019, repost[4] of the meme by Redditor ElJeanMermoude received over 18,000 upvotes in /r/fakehistoryporn subreddit. Article 92 conveys what constitutes the crime of disobedience of any lawful order (the disobedience does not have to be "willful" under this article). Dan. Even soldiers who are fighting in an unjust war must still be treated as legal combatants, and not held responsible for the war itself. Under New Hampshire law, if an employee does not have a contract she is an employee-at-will which means generally she can be fired or quit, with or without cause and/or notice unless that firing results in a state or federal statutory violation. He said that he hated this Job Centre. Adolph Hitler and the Nazi elite of the infamous Third Reich, however, remain one memorable instance in which good triumphed and evil was publicly held responsible. Parade rest. Rod Powers was a retired Air Force First Sergeant with 22 years of active duty service. When government rules with the consent of the governed and is bound by the universal moral code, the rights of each individual, even a minority of one, are secured and protected. His legal practice includes counseling businesses and individuals on a variety of legal issues and advocating on their behalf. Cookie Notice Canadian Disability Studies specialist and disability activistSamuel Miller, has been communicating frequently and voluntarily, since January 2012, to senior United Nations officials, on the welfare crisis for the United Kingdoms sick and disabled. Your email address will not be published. Please. The UCMJ actually protects the soldier in this situation as he/she has a moral and legal obligation to the Constitution and not to obey unlawful orders and the people who issue them. Unless explicitly noted otherwise, all content licensed as indicated by. Ethical problems arise when the mechanisms of government are perverted to grant excessive authority and privilege to the ruling class, who then enrich themselves at the expense of everyone else. Right face. Haggard said his teams findings do not legitimate the Nuremberg defense and that anyone who claims they were just following orders ought to be viewed with skepticism. The U.S. Supreme Court held that Navy commanders "act at their own peril" when obeying presidential orders when such orders are illegal. On September 2nd, 2019, Redditor[3] TheFebrezeWizard posted a Lego Yoda meme in which they edited Lego Yoda into the black and white photograph of Hermann Gring during the Nuremberg trials (shown below; original post no longer available). This [disconnect] suggests a reduced sense of agency, as if the participants actions under coercion began to feel more passive, Haggard said. Step 2: Using A Data Context Class. The military court rejected Calley's argument of obeying the order of his superiors. | Fire hundreds of nurses and techs who refuse vaccination. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Joe Halewood writes about tenant and welfare wrongs, short stories, comment, articles, humour and photography, "The economy doesn't work like most people think it works! Photo by Ammar Awad/Reuters. Masks not useful. Fire hundreds of nurses and techs who refuse vaccination. In the first experiment, he said participants an agent and a victim took turns delivering mild shocks or inflicting a financial penalty on each other. Nashua Office:20 Trafalgar SquareSuite 505Nashua, NH 03063, Portsmouth Office:155 Fleet StreetPortsmouth, NH 03801, 2023 Hamblett & Kerrigan, P.A. 2. They envy China's forcible vaccinations. I went through four years of ROTC in high school and college. The process worked. Probably the most famous case of the "I was only following orders" defense was the court-martial of First Lieutenant William Calley for his part in the My Lai Massacre on March 16, 1968. Military courts have long held that military members are accountable for their actions even while following orders. The main argument for defense, as themusic mentions in hir writeup and the node title subtly gives away, was "I was only following orders.". How can a judge fairly say that because you didn't want to die or be punished and did your job we will now punish/kill you? Cast Your Vote To Select The Meme Of The Month! "I was only following orders," has been unsuccessfully used as a legal defense in hundreds of cases (probably most notably by Nazi leaders at the Nuremberg tribunals following World War II). Through two experiments, however, Haggard and the other researchers showed that people experienced a longer lapse in time in between the action and outcome, even if the outcome was unpleasant. Public interest issues, policy, equality, human rights, social science, analysis, the view from the dark side: politics, media, cities & culture, Blogging about music from early 80s indie to Britpop and beyond, The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men. Plato, FATHER + SAILOR + TECHNOLOGIST + MUSICIAN + CYCLIST. Its difficult to ascertain whether participants are really deceived or not in such situations., https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yU-rlInny6Q, Video by YouTube user Charles Ewing Smith. It has doubtless prevented people since the War from following illegal orders. Attorney Marr can be reached at [emailprotected]. Although he was denied refugee status, one Justice presiding over the case stated, in reference to personal responsibility during wartime: This has, however, long been the established rule for questions of the legality of war. edit just for clarity think a situation like being a conscript for the Nazi's. Haggard said his teams study was more transparent. For those like Adolf Eichmann or Josef Mengele, that response is hardly viable. Some heard an endless series of self-contradictions and unapologetic 180-degree reversals. They won, and the United States Supreme Court upheld the decision. The time between the action and its outcome is typically experienced as a simultaneous event. With profound regret, we must admit that "I was only following orders" works just as well in America as it did in Nazi Germany. The legal precedent set by the Nuremberg Principle IV states: "The fact that a person acted pursuant to order of his Government or of a superior does not relieve him from responsibility under international law, provided a moral choice was in fact possible to him." According to the first argument, any action by an individual soldier can be defended by the famous statement "I was only following orders". pylon makes some interesting points about the excuses used by war criminals following the Second World War. They envy China's forcible vaccinations. Private England said worse things than those shown in the photographs took place in Abu Ghraib prison. ", How this radical idea can make growth optional, Experiences and Thoughts of an Angry Carer. : state or condition especially with regard to functioning or repair things were in terrible order b : a proper, orderly, or functioning condition their passports were in order the phone is out of order 10 a : a written direction to pay money to someone b : a commission to purchase, sell, or supply goods or to perform work c Now you are an unwilling guard at a concentration camp who could risk punishment if you fail to "execute" your duties in shooting an escaping prisoner. In fact, referring to what Col North should have obeyed: UCMJ is yet again being invoked now by some opponents of the recent conflict in Iraq, who claim that the conflict contravened the United Nations Charter, the Geneva Conventions and International Law. It is time to break the cycle. Pretty simple reasoning, if this person is in the military and ordered to do something the punishment for disobeying orders is/was often death. Not everyone disregards history. Privacy. In the brave new world ushered in by the Nazis, evil is done not in any personal, clean way, if such is ever possible, with unquestioned responsibility; now it is carried out in a bureaucratic manner--nameless functionaries following meaningless orders, just more cogs in a machine of evil. Management and the owners should further realize that if an employee is willing to assist in doing a bad act against someone else that employee could later turn on management or the owners with a similar nefarious act. If these new benefit cuts come in, there is only 1 thing that will happen and that is the end of the world, simple reason is people will be made homeless because they cant afford to live in their homes so then they will be homeless, they reckon this figure will be as much as 500,000 British people and families, crime will then sky rocket and if 500,000 plus are made homeless where are they supposed to live, this will then cause major health problems and with the NHS as it is it wont be able to handle this, imagine now if just 1 person living on the streets from benefit cuts was to get seriously ill then it would spread like wildfire, imagine if this was an incurable disease then the Nhs could not then cope with this medical epidemic this would then turn into a pandemic and if this could not be cured this would either go world wide or Britain would then have to be destroyed and nuked from the earth in order to stop this from spreading. Following orders that are immoral is an excuse only in a totalitarian nation. Squad halt. When you are "following orders" regardless of your rank you are responsible for your actions and as such if instead of resisting your commanding officer you choose to kill an individual you are responsible for that choice. So, to obey, or not to obey? Vaccine protective, return to normal. 2007-2023 My sister ordered the day before just to be sure they didn't sell out . The Queen's Commission specifically requires officers to "Observe and follow such Orders and Instructions as from time to time you shall receive from Us, or any superior Officer, according to the Rules and Discipline of War" This is a clear indication that Officers are not to follow, ergo not to give, orders that contravene the "Rules and Discipline of War," i.e. Evil never sleeps. Vaccine less protective, no return to normal. The defense I was only following orders is sometimes referred to as the Nuremberg defense. Doctors forbidden to prescribe ivermectin. Sen. Daniel Inouye of Hawaii told Lt Col Oliver North, the man who carried much of the responsibility for the Affair, that he was breaking his US Oath of Allegiance when he "blindly" followed the orders of President Ronald Reagan. You are under strict orders by the kommandant to shoot any prisoner who tries to escape, and conversely the kommandant is under strict orders to the same effect by Heinrich Himmler. For example, if an Army officer tells a sergeant to prepare his soldiers to clean the barracks for an upcoming inspection, there is the belief the order will be followed. On March 29, 1971, Calley was convicted of premeditated murder and sentenced to life in prison. The term is now essentially synonymous with the phrase "I was only following orders", a phrase that has been used in defending accused war criminals for centuries. This model of limited responsibility with limited will can apply to any situation with military orders and even beyond the scope of the military. The phrase can refer to any attempt to deflect personal responsibility for a crime onto institutions like an army or the state. we only know of them because tribunals, orders, and courts mention them. He was sanctioned, and without warm clothes and very little food he fell asleep on the streets and never woke up. Military members failing to obey lawful orders issued by their superiors risk serious consequences. In this test, the agent can shock or take money from the victim, either acting on orders or by their own choice. Medication may be game-changer, wait for it. The story you are about to read is one that has been, for the last 70 years, left to wither in the hearts of those few who recall it. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. The first recorded case of a United States Military officer using the "I was only following orders" defense dates back to 1799. For instance, if the individual could prove that he was ignorant of the fact that the order was illegal, he would not be responsible. Calley wound up spending 3 1/2 years under house arrest atFort Benning, Georgia, where a federal judge ultimately ordered his release. In other words, people actually feel disconnected from their actions when they comply with orders, even though theyre the ones committing the act. . The reality is austerity under the behest of civil servants following orders, kills the poorest whilst the pockets of the wealthiest get fatter. It depends on the order. I Was Just Following Orders, also known as the Nuremberg Defence, refers to a plea in a court of law used by persons not to be held guilty for actions ordered by their superiors. Millions have been slaughtered to satisfy the greed and lust for power of the few, and too often there is neither punishment for the guilty nor justice for the dead. But, following her lawyer's advice, she did not give details. Haggard said they used moderately painful, but tolerable, shocks. Milgram feigned shocks up to 450 volts. "I was only following orders," has been unsuccessfully used as a legal defense in hundreds of cases (probably most notably by Nazi leaders at the Nuremberg tribunals following World War II). To be a hero requires courage in the face of adversity. Not everyone disregards the past. As the balance of power shifts away from the people, discord and anger lead to resistance. Theyre free to shock or take money from the victim, if they want. Hinzman and his supporters argued that because the war in Iraq may be in breach of international law, it could possibly end with him and other troops being tried for war crimes. Reblogged this on Brightonredhots Weblog and commented: The duty and obligation to obey lawful orders creates no grey area for discussion. Although pleas from the unknown person could be heard, including mentions of a heart condition, Milgrams study said his volunteers continued to shock the learner when ordered to do so. Your conscience tells you that the Nazi party's discrimination of various groups is wrong, but you are going to be in the Werhmacht, far away from the atrocities of the death camps. Notice the oath states, I will obey the orders of the President of the United States,but the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) Article 90 states that military personnel need to obey the "lawful orders of his/her superior.
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