On the relationship between gender democracy and gender equality in the EU. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. An example of descriptive statistics would be finding a pattern that comes from the data you've taken. Advantages of Descriptive Research. Descriptive research has advantages and disadvantages with researchers accounting for positive and negative variables. Your email address will not be published. Cambridge: Polity Press. Measures like percentiles and quartiles become very useful in this area of expertise. Prescriptive and descriptive theorists differ on their approach to instruction. A political-philosophical exchange. A., & Marmor, T. R. (1981). Furthermore, women in the profession of politics often express a lack of interest in running for office and they are often subjected to the effect of career ceilings. This form of research provides insight on human nature, we are able to understand basic psychological processes from this. Although the federal government of the United States is said to strive to construct a homogeneous nation when it comes to equal rights and opportunities for its citizens in different states and cities, there have been numerous historical occurrences that demonstrate opposing aims. List of the Pros of Experimental Research 1. Hence, the debate about descriptive representation is clearly in need of a more contextualized assessment of its pros and cons. In: Danielsen, H., Jegerstedt, K., Muriaas, R., Ytre-Arne, B. data sets are independent of each other most widely used method of data representation. At the heart of freedom: Feminism, sex & equality. Learn how your comment data is processed. 2. Descriptive representation A belief that constituents are more effectively represented by legislators who are similar to them in such key demographic characteristics as race, gender, ethnicity, or religion Racial gerrymandering The drawing of a legislative district to maximize th chance that a minority candidate will win the election Veto Letters can be written to their representatives. (2012). Minow, M. (1991). 10 Anson Road,#11-20, International Plaza, Singapore-079903. Democratic political theory. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. As one Black representative to the U.S. Congress told Carol Swain, "One of the advantages, and disadvantages, of representing blacks is their shameless loyalty to their incumbents. Descriptive representation is the idea that political institutions should reflect the social composition of populations as they are.5 In descriptive representation, representatives not only have visible characteristics (such as ethnicity, gender, or sexual orientation) that are common to their constituents but also have shared experiences such as The future of feminism. Esping-Andersen, G. (1990). Using an analytical tool such as a pros-and-cons list emphasizes the objective, "just the facts" side of decision making. Predictive analytics determines the potential outcomes of present and past actions and trends. One of the critical factors in understanding why a few blocks are preferable at controlling wrongdoing over others needs to do with open communities connections among individuals in the area. Should blacks represent blacks and women represent women? The NWPC was formed by Bella Abzug, Gloria Steinem, Shirley Chisholm, and other leading feminists to encourage womens participation in political parties, elect women to office, and raise money for their campaigns. Women in parliaments: Descriptive and substantive representation. Beyond bodies: Institutional sources of representation for women in democratic policy-making. That's pretty straightforward. The pros and cons of descriptive research analysis. When it comes to confidentiality, some respondents won't give answers to questionnaires and interviews. For example, if you are assembling a questionnaire, you might load the questions to direct the reader to answer a certain way. Engelstad, F., & Teigen, M. (2012). Public opinion and the Australian aid budget, 2000-2013, Black Legislative Politics: Examining the Issue of Voting Rights in the Post- Hurricane Katrina Period, The Role of Race, Ethnicity, and Party on Atittudes towards Descriptive Representation, Issues and Candidates: Colorado Latino/a Vote Choices, Granting Local Voting Rights to Non-Citizens in Estonia and Latvia: The Conundrum of Minority Representation in Two Divided Democracies, Intersectionality, Quotas, and Minority Womens Political Representation Worldwide, Turkish Journal of Politics (TJP) Vol. PR may encourage turn-out and reduce apathy. Your email address will not be published. thanked the writer. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. (1999). The procedures involved with experimental research make it possible to isolate specific variables within virtually any topic. As Shaw and McKay, found out that the rates of crime were not evenly spread out across areas of the city, and around the city. Representation: It ensures all the interests and views of the public are represented in the government. If you cannot sign in, please contact your librarian. Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account. The analysis will stress that the deliberative function of democracy requires de-scriptive representation far more than does the aggregative function. Patsy Mink (a), a Japanese American from Hawaii, was the first Asian American woman elected to the House of Representatives. Gives others the ability to learn and develop new skills 3. 9. Women, policy and politics: The construction of policy problems. In K. Ross (Ed. Gender and discourse. Democratic authority: A philosophical framework. It could be argued that PR delivers fairer treatment of minority parties and independent candidates. They also have some other benefits over traditional headphones. These descriptive representations reflect the laws of nature, the system, or logical constraints for the design of the product. While Congress is dominantly a male, white institution, the creation of majority-minority districts in the early 1990s resulted in the election of African-Americans and Hispanics to Congress. Acceptability: Such a report is acceptable to busy persons because it easily highlights the theme of the report. Between facts and norms. There are, however, practical limitations to including different groups and subgroups in There are many benefits of including minorities of power in decision-making so-called descriptive representation. Pros and Cons of Descriptive Research. The descriptive evaluation is the process of gathering, analyzing and interpreting information using different tools Justice and the politics of difference. Both descriptive and inferential statistics help make sense out of row after row of data! Prescriptive and descriptive theorists differ on their approach to instruction. In the end, there is however a set of remaining pro arguments suggesting that descriptive representation produces some exclusive benefits. Berkeley: University of California Press. that: The most affecting descriptive writing results from an author's providing not a linguistic blueprint of a library but the raw material (the air tinged with the scent of old pages, the shafts of dusty light through the window slats, the whispers, like trickling water, of the librarians behind the oval reference desk) from which the reader can erect her own library. The maximization use of an executive law-making body is the crucial advantage that representative democracy can offer. The rapid increase in the minority population has led to some backlash and challenges for law, Descriptive Representation In The United States, Descriptive representation has been on the rise for some time. The advantages of using tables and graphs to organize data include easy visualization of statistics, poignant descriptions of data, the provision of a summary of the overall work and the interest people show to graphics over words, according to Texas A&M University. Growing up in America, children are taught by their grade school teachers to be proud of being American. Cleveland State Law Review, 39(3), 269300. In todays world, these injustices still remain an issue and arguably have become worst. This research could include the information on the raw numbers of people who buy the product, the demographics of the end user and the focus groups that ask for consumer feedback on the product. As countries become more and more divers, they are looking for better understanding on descriptive representation and the driving force in regards to the minorities within their nation state. Often, tracking down survey groups that can provide pertinent data costs a significant amount of time and money. For minorities, America is not the land of the free. Descriptive research does not rely on only one type of data; it relies on both quantitative and qualitative research. The Pros and Cons of Writing Description. In Australia, 'ethnic' generally has been used to refer to immigrants (and their offspring) from non-British origins.3 Regarding the definition of 'migrant', I will apply the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural, Under what conditions are Latinos elected to the Congress and state legislatures? / Home; / About; descriptive representation pros and cons Descriptive analysis also involves identifying the position of a single value or its response in relation to others. Mellom fag og feminisme: Kvinneforskning i statsvitenskap. Descriptive representation as an intrinsic good Theories of descriptive representation also suggest that voters may value representatives of the same race as an intrinsic good, regardless of any (perceived) substantive representation that accompanies it. View your signed in personal account and access account management features. Enter your library card number to sign in. Thirdly, results of this research can change over the period of time. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Mutfak Gnlkleri Sibel'in Mutfa Ana Sayfa; Hakkmda; Bana Ulan; descriptive representation pros and cons. Sound bars have many pros, and they're the right choice for most people: Sound is still way better than integrated speakers. We may share your site usage data with our social media, advertising, and analytics partners for these reasons. Evidence from Romania. ), Has liberalism failed women? Research Fellowship Program Other Program and Initiatives Often times in American history, unselected natural characteristics such as race and ethnicity have served as keen factors permitting unequal treatment of individuals and at creating barriers placing minority groups at a disadvantage when attempting to practice influence over the government. Descriptive representation is hotly contested. (2005). If you are doing a comparison between two products, you might give one product an unfair advantage to get the desired results. You can learn more about how we use cookies by visiting our privacy policy page. The Politics of Local Presence: Is there a Case for Descriptive Representation? Lovenduski, J. A complete Idea: Such representation creates a clear and complete idea in the mind of the audience. In 1971, to better represent their interests, these representatives founded the Congressional Black Caucus (CBC), an organization that grew out of a Democratic select committee formed in 1969. Your browser seems to have Javascript disabled. Descriptive research is used to gain information about behavior. The closer assessment of pros and cons will however vary with normative position and more specifically with which conceptions of democracy and equality one subscribes to. Towards a European union gender equality index. Oxford: Polity Press. PR potentially offers greater and more-representative choice for voters. ), Deliberative democracy and its discontents. Democracy and the new separation of powers. In S. Besson & J. L. Mart (Eds. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Organizing and providing relevant educational content, resources and information for students. Wagle Estate, Thane-400604, Maharashtra, India. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. A theory of justice. In addition, the attempts to form race-based alliances have had very little success amongst minority groups as racial similarities are not significant enough to unify different minority groups. Social justice in the age of identity politics: Redistribution, recognition, and participation. Palgrave Macmillan, London. Lexington: D. C. Heath. In recent decades, Congress has become much more descriptively representative of the United States. At one time, there was relatively little concern about descriptive representation in Congress. Acta Politica, 4, 389403. The Costs and Benefits of Descriptive Representation: Womens Quotas, Variations in State Feminism and the Fact of Reasonable Pluralism. Descriptive representation is a representation in which representatives have similar backgrounds to the people they represent. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Descriptive representation is the concept that those who represent the American people should not only have the same political interest, but should also mirror the demographic makeup of the people. The results apply to various other topics and departments, too. Growing up, racial profiling was never a big deal to me or my family. For example, Patsy Mink (D-HI), the first Asian American woman elected to Congress, was the coauthor of the Education Amendments Act of 1972, Title IX of which prohibits sex discrimination in education. Namely, the institutional design of the state legislature matters in terms of electoral responsiveness, with Florida and New Mexico the most responsive, and New York and the U.S. House the least responsive to the election of Latino legislators. Visualize the benefits and drawbacks of the solution. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Descriptive Representation Descriptive representation refers to the election of racial and ethnic minor-ity members to policymaking bodies (Pitkin 1967). What Are the Advantages of Qualitative Research? West European Politics, 36(3), 447473. Weak coalition government:Proportional representation results in a weak and indecisive coalition government since every party wants to act in their best interest or get their own way with things. London: Routledge. This is the case for women who remain numerically under-represented in legislatures around the world, but also ethnic minority groups, and other minorities. 4. tees, and voters weigh the pros and cons of descriptive representation, this analysis argues for attention to the specific historical contexts that make descrip-tive representation most useful. Copyright 2020 Chemtech Speciality India Pvt.
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